UNIT II

CLUTCHES
 CLUTCHES

 Clutch is a device, used in the transmission system of an Automobile to

engage and disengage the engine to the gear box. The clutch is fitted
between the engine and the gear box.
 The disengagement and engagement of the drive from the engine to the
gearbox should be smooth and progressive.
 When engaged position, the power is transmitted to the driving wheels
through the transmission system. When disengaged position, the power
is not transmitted to the driving wheels and the vehicle stop but the
engine in running.
 SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH

 A simplified sketch of single plate clutch is shown it is the most

common type of clutch used in motor vehicles for producing a quick
disengagement.
 MULTIPLATE CLUTCH

• Multi-plate clutch contains more than one clutch plates lined with a
frictional material as in the case of single plate clutch.

• The increased number of plates provides the increased torque transmitting

capacity of the clutch.

• They are alternately fitted to the engine shaft and the gearbox shaft.

• The plates are made of steel, bronze and brass etc.

• These clutches are used in heavy commercial vehicles, racing cars and
motor cycles for transmitting high torque.
MULTIPLATE CLUTCH
 MULTIPLATE WET TYPE CLUTCH

• The single plate clutch is not able to use in the scooter and motor cycles
because the size of single plate clutch unit is too large. So, the multiple wet
type clutch is placed and this clutch occupies very lesser area.

• the whole assembly is immersed in oil for reducing the amount of heat
which is produced by clutch unit, and also reduces the wear and tear.

• It consists of four clutch disks, four pressure plates, clutch hub and springs.
When the control lever is operated the clutch gets disengaged.
 CONE CLUTCH

• Cone clutch is a friction type clutch, which consists of conical friction

surfaces. The female cone is an integral part with engine shaft. The
male cone is mounted on the clutch shaft over splines, so that it can
slide over. In this clutch the frictional surfaces are only on the conical
portion. The arrangement is shown in figure.
 CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH
• In this arrangement, the centrifugal action of fly-weights is made use of for
engaging and disengaging the pressure plate. A simple arrangement is shown, in
which the clutch pedal and the springs are eliminated. The functioning of the
clutch is automatic and depends upon the engine speed.
1. SLIDING MESH GEAR BOX
 Application

It is the oldest type of gearbox used in early 19s

models of cars.. Some of them are-
Alfa 12HP used sliding mesh gearbox with 4 -speed
manual transmission.
Fiat 6HP used 3-speed manual transmission.
Mercedes 35HP used 4-speed manual transmission
Renault Voiturette used manual 3-speed transmission.
2. CONSTANT MESH GEAR BOX
• Various farm trucks, cars like ford model T and
motor bikes used this type of gear box before
the invention of the latest of all manual
transmission i.e. synchromesh transmission
introduced by general motors in 1928.
 Applications
• It has a wide application as almost 50% of the vehicle on the
road used synchromesh gearbox, some of them are-
• In Maruti Suzuki swift it comes with 5-speed 1-reverse manual
transmission configuration.
• It is used in bikes like KTM duke 390cc.
• Most of the race cars like formula-1 uses synchromesh gearbox
with suitable modification in shifting lever as they required
sudden shifting of gears from high torque to high speed
because they have to race onto the zig-zag track having sharp
turns.
FLUID COUPLING (or) FLUID FLYWHEEL
TORQUE CONVERTOR
 REAL AXLE DRIVES
1. Hotchkiss drive
2. Torque Tube drive
 DIFFERENTIAL
1.CONVENTIONAL TYPE DIFFERENTIAL
 A diagram of a simple differential is shown in Figure. The
bevel pinion is fixed to the propeller shaft, which rotates
the crown wheel.
 The crown - wheel has another unit called the differential
unit. It consists of two bevel gear [sun] and two bevel
pinions [plants]. The bevel gears are in contact with the
half shafts of the rear axle.
 When the crown wheel rotating, it rotates the differential
unit. The bevel gears of the differential rotate the two half
shafts.
 2.NON- SLIP DIFFERENTIAL Or LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL

 The conventional differential delivers an

equal amount of torque to both the wheels.
Suppose the vehicle is moving on a muddy,
or slippery road, or if only one wheel is on
slippery surface, anyone or both the wheels
may become stationary for a while.
 To avoid this trouble non slip differentials
are provided. 'The non-slip differential is
almost similar in construction to the
conventional type.