Group Members: Tomado,

Tayros and Taladua

Phase change and
Phase change
 Occurred when a phase in one form is altered to
another form by adding energy or heat but does not
change the temperature of the substance.

 The energy or heat which is known as Latent heat (latent

means hidden) enters or leaves a system during a phase
change without causing a change in the temperature.
There is no temperature change until a phase is complete.

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PhasES OF
MATTER
 Solid has the least energetic state; atoms in solids are in
close contact, with forces between them that allow the
particles to vibrate but not change position with
neighboring particles.
 Liquid has a more energetic state, in which particles can
slide smoothly past one another and change neighbors,
although they are still held together by their mutual
attraction.

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PhaseS OF MATTER
 Gas has a more energetic state than liquid, in
which particles are broken free of their bonds.
Particles in gases are separated by distances that
are large compared with the size of the particles.

 During a phase change, matter changes from one

phase to another, either through the addition of energy
by heat and the transition to a more energetic state, or
from the removal of energy by heat and the transition
to a less energetic state.

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 TransPhase changes to a more
o energetic state including the
following:
Transphase:
MELTING
 From Solid to Liquid
EVAPORATION
 From Liquid to Gas

SUBLIMATION
 From Solid to Gas

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 TransPhase changes to a less
o energetic state including the
following:
Transphase:
CONDENSATION
 From Gas to Liquid
FREEZING
 From Liquid to Solid

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transphase

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transphase

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LATENT HEAT

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LATENT HEAT
-the amount of heat required to
change a kilogram of a substance from
one physical state to another without any
change in temperature.

" latent " - hidden; energy leaving or

entering a certain system is unnoticeable since
its temperatures remains unchanged. Thus,
energy is hidden.

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 LATENT HEAT >> Q=mLf ; Q=mLv
Latent heat coefficients (Lf and Lv) are
dependent to the strength on the substance's
molecular forces. The measurement of latent
heat in units is J/kg.

Lf- latent heat of fusion (melting and freezing)

Lv-latent heat of vaporization (vaporization/condensation)

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 The following table shows
the significant amounts of energy
involved
in phase change.

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Example: How much energy is consumed to melt a kilogram of ice at 0 oC to produce a
kilogram of water at 0oC?

GIVEN: a kilogram of ice at 0oC

a kilogram of water at 0oC?

ASKED: How much energy is consumed

SOLUTION:
Since this involves the process melting, let us use the coefficient Lf. Thus, your equation
should be like this:

Q=mLf =(1.0 kg)(334 kJ/kg) = 334 kJ

This example shows energy (with no temperature change) used during phase change is
greater than energy (associated with temperature) without phase change . 18
Phase changes can have tremendous stabilizing effect even on temperatures that are not near
the melting and boiling points, because evaporation and condensation occur even at
temperatures below the boiling point.

For example: air temperatures in humid climates.

Humid climates rarely go above 35 degrees Celsius since most heat transfer goes into
evaporating water into the air. Similarly, temperature in humid weather rarely fall below the
dew point because enormous heat is released when water vapor condenses.

Evaporation absorbs heat, while condensation releases heat.

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 Can water evaporate
even not at boiling
point?
Yes, it does. In this mechanism, more energy is required (more than what
was used at boiling point) since the kinetic energy of water molecules
are less energized below 100oC. A good example of this would be the
human body perspiration.

It requires 2428 kj/kg of heat input from the skin, of which is evaporated
during a hot weather. That is why when you perspire, you tend to feel a
cooling sensation.

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EXAMPLE 14.4:

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STRATEGY:

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SOLUTION:

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