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HEMINGWAY: THE VALUES OF

HUMANITY BEYOND THE
SEGREGATION OF MODERNITY
AND RACES
Theory of Literature and Literary Criticism Week 14

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 By : Group C3

I Gusti Ayu Sundari Okasunu (1701541062)

Ni Putu Nana Septhyana Suyono (1701541063)
Ni Luh Made Nindya Hermawati (1701541067)
Ni Kadek Ari Kusuma Dewi (1701541075)
Erna Elya Ningrum (1701541084)
 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ERNEST HEMINGWAY

BIOGRAPHY

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITIQUE ON INDIAN

ERNEST HEMINGWAY AND CAMP
“INDIAN CAMP” SHORT
STORY
 Introduction
Literary works present several values and reflection on the
social issues. Author tends to emphasizes particular issues and
meaning in their literary works.
For example Ernest Hemingway in this study representing
humanity through his short story “Indian Camp”.
 Synopsis of Indian Camp
One night, Dr. Adams is summoned to help an American
Indian woman who has been in painful labor for two days. The
doctor takes his young son, Nick, and his brother, George, to the
American Indian camp on the other side of a northern Michigan
lake.
There, the doctor performs impromptu, improvised cesarean
with a fishing knife, catgut, and no anesthetic to deliver the
baby. Afterward, he discovers that the woman's husband, who
was in the bunk above hers, silently cut his throat during the
painful ordeal.
 Indian Camp’s Characters

Nick Adams Dr. Adam Uncle George

Two Indians men Old Woman The lady and her husband
 Moral Value
of The Short Story

This short story teaches us to help people regardless of

their social status and we can be grateful for the life we
already have, still be able to breathe and enjoy the
beauty of the world, gather and be side by side with our
families
ERNEST
HEMINGWAY
BIOGRAPHY
 Ernest Hemingway
early life-World War I
1896
Clarence Edmonds + Grace
Hall Hemingway
1913-1917
Ernest H attended Oak Park
and River Forest High School
July, 21 1899
Ernest Hemingway was
born in Oak Park, Illinois

May, 1918
December 1917 Ernest H sailed from New
He became the ambulance York arrived in Paris
driver for Italian Army

January 1919
Ernest.H. returned to United
States
Ernest Hemingway
writing career
1925 1925 1926
Released First “In Our Time” Published a novel
Book-Short Story published in New “The Sun Also
He has published seven Collection “In Our York City Rises”
novels, six short story Time” in Paris
collection, and two
nonfiction works. Three
of his novels, four short
story collections and 1938 1935 1933 1927
three nonfiction works Released a play Published “Green Published “Winner Published a fiction
“The Fifth Hills of Africa” Take Nothing” as “Men Without
were published Coloumn” 1937 short story Woman”
posthumously. He was 1940 Minor Novel “To collcetion
awarded for Pulitzer Released a Novel Have and Have
Prize Fiction in 1953 “From Whom the Not”
Bells Tolls”
and Nobel Prize In
Literature in 1954.
 RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN ERNEST Hi!

HEMINGWAY AND
“INDIAN CAMP”
SHORT STORY
Ernest Hemingway Symbolization and the uniqueness of his writing

1. Kenneth Lynn suggests that Hadley's childbirth became the inspiration for the story
2. Jeffrey Meyers writes that Hemingway was very clear about the husband's role,
because in this story he was writing about a familiar subject—the experiences of his
boyhood in Michigan
3. Baker describes in Hemingway's writing the hard facts float above water while the
supporting structure, including the symbolism, operates out of sight
4. Hemingway focuses on the story's central point: the life and death initiation rituals,
familiar to the residents of the Indian camp but alien to young Nick
5. Philip Young, Hemingway’s biographer writes that Hemingway emphasis in "Indian
Camp" was not primarily on the woman who gives birth or the father who kills
himself, but on young Nick Adams, who witnesses these events and becomes a
"badly scarred and nervous young man"
CRITIQUE ON INDIAN
CAMP
The father used to speak about the
person who is sick in term racial
determination. “Where are we
going, Dad?”.
He uses labeling of “Indian”
whenever the answer regarding “Over to the Indian
the place and the person Camp.
There is an Indian
Nick and his father are
White Man lady very sick”

“Oh”, said Nick.

 Representing “manly” but
when we see the setting of the
story and the year it is made on, the
‘sharing cigars’ can be indicated
they have close relationship or
“Uncle George was
like the soldier they are struggling
smoking a cigar in
together.
the dark. The young
Because of this reason, the act
of Uncle George indicates that he Indian pulled the
is in the same position with two boat way up on the
Indians and sees them equal. beach. Uncle George
Contrary with Nick’s Dad who gave both the
seems to make a distance with Indians cigars”
them.
• Indians are living in shanties which
have no electricity
• This place is depicted disguise the “They walked up
modernity and being devoid the from the beach
modern world’s attributes. through a meadow
• By representing this Indian Camp
that was soaking
to the reader, Hemingway is
confronting them to the world wet with dew,
different from us, a world bereft of following the young
its modern disguise. Indian who carried
lantern”
 The word bunk is a pun on
how the husband feels about the
white doctor’s indifference to
the pain of his wife. “Inside on a
He is against the wall, there
is nothing he can do to help her
wooden bunk
and he cannot bear he is lay a young
screaming while the Doctor as Indian woman”
Nick’s father dissociate his
feeling in order to function most
efficiently.
 We may see that the doctor is very ignorance

There is no such a tension in which screams are not

important in operation procedure > it indicates pain “Oh Daddy, can’t you give
her something to make her
stop screaming?” asked
The doctor has already know he and his son are headed to Nick
place where a patient is very sick but yet he didn’t bring
any procedural tools to help her
“No, I haven’t any
anesthetic” his father said
“But her screams are not
Does his father will give the best important. I don’t hear
service if the young lady is a white them because they are not
woman? important”

1. The doctor emphasizes the desires of
the woman to have the baby born
2. Realization of society: woman ignored
their pregnancy, have no proper food
during pregnancy, struggle for their
baby, and others in this kind of situation
try to neglect and choose to ‘have’ no
baby.
3. Human Right > baby wants to be born
Nick’s father ordered some water to be put
on the store, and while it was heating he
spoke to Nick
“This lady is going to have a baby, Nick”
he said
“I Know” he said
“You don’t know.” Said his father, “listen
to me. What she is going is called being in
labor. The baby wants to be born and she
wants it to be born. All her muscles are
trying to get the baby born. That is what is
happening when she screams”
 The worst situation of giving birth, lead
to operation procedures

“You see, Nick, babies are

supposed to be born head
He is first but sometimes they
exhausted to are not. When they’re not
control the
situation they make a lot of trouble
There is no for everybody. Maybe I’ll
enough tools to do
operation> might He exemplifies to his son about have to operate on this
be dangerous callous self-absorption, lady. We’ll know in a
dissociation and racist
condescension back to the little while”
reason why he doesn’t bring
any anesthetic.
 The emotional Uncle George
where he is ironically has the most
sympathy to the woman. Most of the
Indian men in the camp distance
themselves from the screaming and
the Indians who assist in the
operation are detached enough to find
humor in the situation.
The way how Nick helps his
father unstoppably makes the reader
realize the sincerity of a son and how
the father work so hard to make the
baby breath means to help others
having life.
“Later when he started to operate
Uncle George and three Indians men
held the woman still. She bit Uncle
George on the arm and Uncle George
said, “Damn squaw bitch!” and the
young Indian who had rowed Uncle
George laughed at him. Nick held the
basin for his father. It all took a long
time. His father picked the baby up
and slapped it to make it breath and
handed it to the old woman”
 CONCLUSION
The short story by Ernest Hemingway entitled
“Indian Camp” is the example of humanity depicted
by Ernest who are more civilize rather than
practicing racial segregation where in his story he
shows the different races and white as the inferior
class helps the Indian woman to giving birth. This
story enrich with humanity and also different side of
urban places where from the setting we may seen the
primitivism of the people in Indian camp that is far
away from modernity while also seeing the father
who tries to teach his son about life.
 REFERENCES
 Biography.com Editors (2014). The Biography.com  Forrest, Eleonore Laine. 2007. “Indian Camp”- A
website: “Ernest Hemingway Biography”. Story in Disguise. Journal of the Short Story in
https://literariness.org/2018/06/10/analysis-of-harper-lees-to English : Presses Universitaires de Rennes
-kill-a-mockingbird/
 Qudsrepublic.blogspot.com.Indian Camp
. Accessed on 17th December, 2020.
 Analysis. https://
Cliffs Notes. Plot Summary and Analysis Indian Camp.
qudsrepublic.blogspot.com/2012/01/indian-camp-
Uploaded in analysis.html
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/h/hemingways-short-  Young, P (1964). Ernest Hemingway (1973 ed.).
stories/summary-and-analysis/indian-camp
St. Paul: Minnesota UP. ISBN 0-8166-0191-7.
 Cliffsnotes.com. Hemingway’s short stories.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/h/hemingways-short-
stories/summary-and-analysis/indian-camp
accessed on December, 18 2020
 Daniels, P. (2020). ThoughtCo: “Biography of Ernest
Hemingway, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize Winning Writer”.
https://www.thoughtco.com/ernest-hemingway-1779812.
Accessed on 18th December, 2020.
 Daniels, P. (2020). ThoughtCo: “Biography of Ernest
Hemingway, Pulitzer and Nobel Prize Winning Writer”.
https://www.thoughtco.com/ernest-hemingway-1779812.
Accessed on 17th December, 2020.
 THANK YOU!

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