SKELETAL SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS
 SUPPORT & SHAPE - organs and tissues of the body
are held in place by the skeleton.
 PROTECTION – provides a rigid surface for protection
of vital organs ie. cranium protects the brain
 MOVEMENT – bones provide a base for muscle
attachment. It allows movement of the body through
using the bones as levers.
 PRODUCTION & – bones provide a site for
manufacture of red & white blood cells
 STORAGE - storage of minerals. Ie.calcium
Why do you need your bones?
 Your bones protect
your other important
body parts.

 Your bones give you

shape.
My skull…

protects
my
brain.
My rib cage…

…protects
my
heart
and
lungs.
What would you look like
without bones?
Without bones
inside you
to give you shape,
you would be a

BLOB!
SKELETAL SUPPORT
 Skeletons have 5 major functions
 Support & Shape
 Movement
 Protection of internal organs
 Produce blood cells
 Store materials
 There are three main types of skeletons

 Hydrostatic skeleton
 Exoskeleton
 Endoskeleton
 Hydrostatic skeleton

 Consists of fluid held under pressure in a

closed body compartment
 Protects body parts by cushioning them
from shock
 Provides body shape, which can be
changed by contracting muscles in the
body wall
 Provides support for muscle action
 Earthworms, hydras, and jellies have
hydrostatic skeletons
 The hydrostatic skeleton of a hydra

Figure 30.2A
 Longitudinal Circular Circular Longitudinal
muscle muscle muscle muscle
relaxed contracted relaxed contracted
(extended)

 An earthworm
Head

Bristles

Figure 30.1D
 Exoskeleton

 Rigid external skeleton

 It can be hard or leathery
 The shells of
mollusks are
exoskeletons made
of calcium carbonate Shell (exoskeleton)

Mantle

 The exoskeleton of
arthropods is made
of chitin
Figure 30.2B, C
 Endoskeleton

 Consists of hard or
leathery supporting
elements situated among
the soft tissues
 Most echinoderms,
including sea stars and
sea urchins, have an
endoskeleton of hard
plates beneath their skin
Figure 30.2D
 Vertebrate endoskeletons consist of cartilage
or a combination of cartilage and bone

Figure 30.2E
Human Skeleton
 STRUCTURE OF SKELETON
 There are about 206 bones found in an adult skeleton.

 The bones are divided into two main groups

(1) AXIAL SKELETON
(2) APPENDICULAR SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON

 The axial skeleton forms

the basic structure
supporting the rest of
the skeleton.

 It consists of:
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Rib cage
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON

 Forms mainly the

extremities of the body
and their connections
to the axial skeleton

 Consists of
- limbs (arms &
legs)
- shoulder and pelvic
girdles
What can you do to take care
of your skeletal system?
The end!