WE L C O M E

SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
SOFTWARE
 LU M A D ‘ S
of
THE P H I L I P
I N E S SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
SOFTWARE
 Presented By:
A
J O S H UA R E Y L. PUL

BSED – ENGLISH 2
 A. Know what are the
cultures, language and C. Apply your
OBJECTIVES society of lumads knowledge.

B. Understand about
At the end of the the culture, language
lesson, the students and the society of the
should be able to: lumads
 ETHNI
SOCI
C
ETY?
GROU
WHO PS?
ARE THE
LUMADS
?
LANGU CULT
AGE? URE?
1

a re
ho
W the ?
d s
m a
Lu

LUMAD is a Bisayan term meaning “native” or “indigenous”. Lumad is a

collective term, used since 1986, for a large number of indigenous peoples of the
Mindanao island group in the Southern Philippines. The lumad population in
Mindanao is about half the total population of all indigenous groups in the
Philippines. There are 18 major lumad ethnolinguistic groupings and these are
the Bagobo, Banwaon, Blaan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa,
Mandaya, Mangguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Matigsalug, Subanen, Tagakaolo,
Talaandig, Tboli, Teduray, and Ubo. Lumad are distinct from the Moro
(indigenous Islamic) tribes, which include about 14 sub-groups concentrated in
western Mindanao. 
ETHNIC GR
OUPS
• The Lumad are the non-Muslim indigenous people in Mindanao.
• The collective term is used to describe the about 13 ethnic groups of Mindanao, including the Blaan,
Bukidnon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manobo, Mansaka, Sangir, Subanen, Tagabawa,
Tagakaulo, Tasaday, and T’boli.
• The Manobo tribe includes further large ethnic groups, in particular the Ata-Manobo, Agusan-
Manobo, and Dulangan-Manobo.
• Considered as “vulnerable groups”, Lumad people live in hinterlands, forests, lowlands, and coastal
areas.
• Despite the fact that the Butuanons and Surigaonons are also native to Mindanao, the term Lumad
excludes these groups. This is because of their Visayan ethnicity and lack of close affinity with the
Lumad.
• The Moros, such as the Maranao, Tausug, Sama-Bajau, and Yakan, are also excluded, despite also
being native to Mindanao and despite some groups being closely related ethnolinguistically to the
Lumad. This is because, unlike the Lumad, the Moros converted to Islam in the 14th and 15th
centuries.
• The following are some sample pictures of Lumad’s Ethnic Group of the Philippines
LU M A D ‘ S
ETH N I C G R
O U P S
N PH I L I P P I SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
SOFTWARE
 L L
U U
M M
A A
D D
S S
SAND BOX SAND BOX

ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUP

BAGOBO BLAAN
 L L
U U
M M
A A
D D
S S
SAND BOX SAND BOX

ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUP

BUKIDNON HIGAONON
 L L
U U
M M
A A
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S S
SAND BOX SAND BOX

ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUP

KALAGAN MAMANWA
 L L
U U
M M
A A
D D
S S
SAND BOX SAND BOX

ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUP

MANOBO MANSAKA
 L L
U U
M M
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D D
S S
SAND BOX SAND BOX

ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUP

SUBANON TBOLI
L U M A D ‘ S
CU L T U R E S
SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
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CULTURE of L
UM A D S
The Lumad have nurtured and protected their traditional
ancestral lands, and their individual cultures. Lumad’s culture are
rich and diverse, with a wide range of languages, chants, rituals,
dances and other traditions.
 MATERIAL CU
LTURE

DENTAL TATTOOI TRADITIONAL BASKETR

MODIFICATION NG CLOTHING Y

At around the age of Was the most common
puberty, male and female traditional among Lumads.
Lumadnon customarily Some called it batik, these
modify their teeth for are usually in form of black
aesthetic purposes. stripes across the torso,
arms, and wrists.
Was commonly made from Baskets have been
fabrics of woven abaca, common in most Lumad
decorated with elaborate households. Made in
and intricate design. different size, shape
according to its use and
purpose.
 T’NALAK: ART
OF WEAVING
T’nalak weaving is a living
tradition that remains tied
to the cultural and spiritual
beliefs of the T’boli of
South Cotabato.
BETEL RITUALS CULTURAL
CHEWING DANCES
Betel chewing or mama is They practice slash-and- Cultural dance are usually
widely practiced by many burn farming and trade perform to give thanks to a
ethno linguistics groups with the neighbors. They successful harvest and also
across the Philippines also use pigs, chickens and some occasion like
including Lumads candles to perform their weddings.
sacred rituals.
CULTURAL WE
APONS

BOLO SHIELD/TAM KAMPILA PANA

ING N
L U M A D ‘ S
LA N G U A G E
SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
SOFTWARE
LANGU A G
E
The majority of the Lumadnon languages fall under the GCP microgroups, diveded into three
geographical-based sub-groups: Central Philippines, Manobo, and Subanen.
These languages provide Lumadnon with a grasp to their ethnic identity and connection with
their forebears and their kindred ties. It is also an important means of transmitting cultural values
and knowleges.

The Lumad peoples speak Philippine language belonging to various branches. These include:

• Manobo languages
• Subanen languages
• South Mindanao languages
• Mansakan languages
• Mamanwa language
• Sangiric languages
• Chavacano (in Zamboanga)
• Cebuano
• Hiligaynon
L U M A D ‘ S
SO C I E T Y
SAMSAN TECH
24 HOUR
SOFTWARE
W A Y of L I V
ING The lumad who live within the southern highland ranges are swidden farmers, and practice
little trade. Like many of its neighbors, Bagobo society is ruled by a class of warriors known as
magani or bagani. The Bagobo’s elaborate dress and personal adornment are well known among
anthropologists. The T’boli and Teduray are also known for their baskets, trinkets, bracelets, and
earrings made of brass. The T’boli’s t’nalak are prized fabrics believed to be inspired by the dreams
of the woman weavers.
• Lumads still prefer to live a traditional life.
W A Y of L I
• They are non-Muslim or non-Christian; instead, they believe in
spirits and gods. There is a god for land, water, and for the
harvest, to name a few. Lumads believe that the mountain is
sacred.
VING
• They also believe that death and illness or bad faith are God’s way
of showing anger.
• The offering of live animals such as pigs and chicken are common
during tribal ceremonies for them to have a good harvest, health
and protection, and thanksgiving.
• The Lumad people who reside within the southern highland
ranges are swidden farmers and exercise little trade. Like many of
its neighbors, the Bagobo community is ruled by a class of
warriors known as magani or bagani. The elaborate dress and
personal adornment of Bagobos are famous among
anthropologists.
• For many years, the Lumad were forced to physically defend their
right to control their ancestral territories against corporate plunder
and militarization.
• When the migrants came, numerous Lumad groups went into the
mountains and forests.
 GENERALIZATION
Question
M Question

AP
1 3

What is our lesson all What are other ethno

about? linguistic groups of
lumads?

Lumad’s are?

2
Question
TH
E SEE YOU
AGAIN

THANK
Y OSU
FINI
H
EN