Worksheet – Bones and Muscles of the Back

1 2 2 2
1
7 6

9 8 10
6

3 6
5 3
4 11 5 3
7 5
3 4 1011
4 3
9 8

14
2 3 15
12 13 2 13 16 8
4 2

17
10 4
6

5
8 15 11 19 3 24
4
20 25
22
23
18 26

28 27
Copyright © 2014
by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier
Inc.
21 21
29
 30

34

31

12
2 11 7
1
13 0 35
4

14

31 8 2

2
4
36

8
13
23
26
32

37

33
38
 39 40
40
41 41
45
42
42
43
43

44

46
39
40 39
53

47 48 51
49
50
48
51

52

52
 Identification
1. _____________________________________ The most superficial upper back muscle is the
2. _____________________________________
________________________________________.
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________ List as many muscles as you can that are
5. _____________________________________
innervated by posterior rami.
6. _____________________________________
7. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
8. _____________________________________
________________________________________
9. _____________________________________
10. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
11. _____________________________________
12. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
13. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
14. _____________________________________
15. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
16. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
17. _____________________________________
18. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
19. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
20. _____________________________________
21. _____________________________________ ________________________________________
22. _____________________________________ Reaching up to scratch the top of my head
23. _____________________________________
24. _____________________________________ (assume the head is stationary) uses which
25. _____________________________________
muscles that we have studied?
26. _____________________________________
27. _____________________________________ ________________________________________ 
28. _____________________________________
 List three unique features of the cervical vertebrae.
29. _____________________________________
30. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
31. _____________________________________
32. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
33. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
34. _____________________________________
35. _____________________________________ List two unique features of the thoracic vertebrae.
36. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
37. _____________________________________
38. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
39. _____________________________________ List two unique features of the lumbar vertebrae.
40. _____________________________________
41. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
42. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
43. _____________________________________
44. _____________________________________ List 3 (or more…) unique features of the sacrum.
45. _____________________________________
_________________________________________
46. _____________________________________
47. _____________________________________ _________________________________________
48. _____________________________________
_________________________________________
49. _____________________________________
50. _____________________________________ You can access the spinal canal in the sacrum
51. _____________________________________
through the _______________________________.
52. _____________________________________
53. _____________________________________
Answer key will be released before the exam.
Free Response

Copyright © 2014
by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier
Inc.
 *

*
 Extrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Trapezius 
Upper fibers External occipital Distal clavicle Elevate scapula
protuberance and and acromion
upper cervical spinous
processes Spinal
accessory
Middle fibers Lower cervical and Acromion and Retract scapula
nerve
upper thoracic spinous spine of
(Cranial
processes scapula
Nerve XI)
Lower fibers Middle and lower Spine of Depress scapula
thoracic spinous scapula
processes
Latissimus Dorsi Middle thoracic, lower Intertubercular Thoraco- Adduct arm from
thoracic, lumbar, sulcus of dorsal nerve abducted position,
sacral spinous humerus Extend arm from
processes; iliac crest flexed position
via thoracolumbar
fascia
Levator Scapulae Upper cervical Superior angle Dorsal Elevate scapula
transverse processes of scapula scapular
nerve
Rhomboid Major Lower cervical and Medial border Dorsal Retract scapula
and Minor upper thoracic spinous of scapula scapular
processes nerve
Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Splenius Muscles
Capitis Middle and lower Mastoid process and
cervical spinous occipital bone Bilateral contraction
processes (between superior and causes extension of the
inferior nuchal lines) back and neck
Posterior
 
Cervicis Lower cervical Transverse processes Rami
Unilateral contraction
and upper of upper cervical causes ipsilateral side-
thoracic spinous vertebrae bending and rotation.
processes
Erector Spinae Muscle Group
Iliocostalis Iliac crest, Ribs, generally lateral
sacrum, lumbar to the costal angle.
transverse
processes
Bilateral contraction
Longissimus Sacrum, lumbar Ribs, medial to the
causes extension of the
spinous costal angle and more
back and neck
processes, superior transverse Posterior
 
lumbar and processes. Rami
Unilateral contraction
thoracic
causes ipsilateral side-
transverse
bending.
processes
Spinalis Lumbar and More superior spinous
thoracic spinous processes
processes
Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Transversospinalis Muscle Group
Semispinalis Transverse Ascend 5-6+ vertebral
processes levels to reach spinous
processes*
Semispinalis Upper thoracic, Upper cervical spinous Bilateral contraction
cervicis lower cervical, processes up to C2 extends the neck.
middle cervical Unilateral contraction
transverse Posterior causes ipsilateral side-
processes Rami bending and slight
contralateral rotation
Semispinalis Upper thoracic, Occipital bone Bilateral contraction
capitis* lower cervicial, (between superior and extends the head and
middle cervical inferior nuchal lines) neck. Unilateral
transverse contraction causes
processes ipsilateral side-bending.
Multifidus Transverse Ascend 2-4 vertebral
Posterior
processes* levels to reach spinous
Rami
processes
Multifidus Sacrum and Lumbar spinous Bilateral contraction
lumborum* lower lumbar processes extends the lower back
transverse and anchors the vertebral
processes column. Unilateral
contraction causes some
ipsilateral side-bending
and contralateral rotation.
Rotatores Transverse Ascend 1-2 vertebral Due to their miniscule
Posterior
processes levels to reach spinous size, primarily
Rami
  processes proprioceptive
stabilization muscles.
Rotatores Transverse Spinous processes of Bilateral contraction
thoracis processes of thoracic vertebrae might slightly extend the
thoracic back. Unilateral
vertebrae contraction may cause
some slight contralateral
rotation.
 Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Minor Back Muscles
Intertransversarii Transverse Next superior Primarily proprioceptive
process transverse process stabilization muscles.
Unilateral contraction
may cause some slight
Posterior ipsilateral side-bending.
Interspinous Spinous Next superior spinous Rami Primarily proprioceptive
process process stabilization muscles.
Contraction may cause
some slight extension of
the back.
Levatores Transverse Ribs, medial to costal Posterior Primarily proprioceptive
costarum process arch (span 1-2 levels) rami stabilization muscles.
(probably) Unilateral contraction
may cause some slight
rib elevation.
Extrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles
Intrinsic Back Attachments Attachments Innervation Major Actions(s)
Muscles