Management Information Systems

Chapter 1
Basics of Information and
Communication Technology
Let enlist our objectives
• Understanding/sharing the basics of ICT
• Exploring the role/importance of ICT in society
• Explanation and examples of ICT
• ICT in Learning and Teaching
• Description of history and developments of
Computer
• Distinguish different generations
• Classification of computers
• General terms/parts of computer
Have you ever used ICT?
• Have you not made a call ever on Cell phone?
• Have you not send an IM using your Cell phone?
• Have you not used Internet/email before?
• Have you not listend Radio ever?
• Have you not watched TV ever?
• Have you never used any computer ever?
• Yes, Of course everyone of you do it daily, I am
sure.
• This is all about ICT…………
ICT introduction
• Information: referred as processed form of
data which can be recorded, organized and
transmitted.
• Communication: Transfer of ideas(data &
information) through systems, devices such
as computer, cell phones, internet, TV etc.
• Technology: the way one make, modify and use
tools, techniques, systems and machines to solve
problems efficiently.
Basic concepts of ICT
• Comprises of different communication
devices
• Continuously evolving products and
services
• Manufacturing of ICT- Equipment
• Variety of services like Software development
and Apps
• Global Village : easy communication and
sharing of ideas
• Refers to those technologies that provide access
to information by means of telecom.
Major mediums of ICT
(Application)
• Internet and Computer
▫ Web, email, video conference, Social media
▫ Converting seminar into webinars,
universities
into Virtual universities
▫ online education, e-business, e leaning, e
commerce
• Cell phones
▫ Calling, IM, communication, games,
entertainment
▫ Mobile Apps
Examples of ICT application
• FB groups for communication and sharing
• Whatsapp Groups for quick and multimedia
messaging
• Skype for calling and online lectures and
education by group calls
• Teamviewer for remote access
• YouTube for gigantic source of information in
video format
• Mobile apps and software for routine tasks like
word processing, spreadsheet, and presentations
ICT in Teaching and Learning
• Lets try to enlist the benefits of using ICT in
teaching and learning….
• Do you agree that we can teach well?
• Do you agree that students can learn well?
• Do you think one can present well?
• Do you agree one can work efficiently?
• Then why?
• Why we hesitate to use it?
ICT in Teaching and Learning
• Provide new and easy of learning and generating
new ideas. (growing age at school)
▫ The late Arfa Karim (youngest MCP)
▫ Muhammad Ammar Afzal From Okara (highest
socre
in ORACLE)
▫ Sumal Hassan form Karachi: 3rd highest earning
eSports professional with total earnings
of$2,401,426.34 .
• Multimedia and other ICT facilities may help
teachers in classroom
• eTesing software can reduce the burden of
teachers
• ICT can create effective learning environment
Lets start again with a puzzle
• Guess what machine we are going to find?
• Few tips about that are
• "Giant Brain"
• cost was about $487,000, equivalent to
$6,740,000 in 2016
• It weighed more than 30 tons
• Size was (8 × 3 × 100 feet) in size, occupied
167 m2 (1,800 ft2)
• It consumed 150 kW of electricity.
Lets start again with a puzzle:
An
Earliest Computer
History and development of
Computer
• The base rule is same “necessity is the mother of
invention”
• Abacus Machine
• Napier’s bones
• Blaise Pascal (Pascline- 8 digit)
• Charles Babbage
▫ Difference engine
▫ Analytical engine
• IBM, ENIAC, EDSAC etc mechanical, electro-
mechanical and electrical/digital
Generation of Computers
• A step in computer technology is called
generation.
• Development of computers are divided into
various periods called generations
• First
• Second
• Third
• Fourth
• Fifth..
• And this journey continues …
 Generations of computer
Gene Period Technology Features Limitations
First 1951-58 Vacuum tube First electrical Spacious, heat
Punch card input generated and huge
Machine language energy consumption

Second 1959-64 Transistor Punch card input AC was required

Magnetic tape storage Complex production
High level language of Transistors
Reliable, speedy, less heat
and less space

Third 1965-70 Integrated Keyboard input Still IC tech was

circuit (IC)— Monitor display complex and
1000s of High level language immature, AC was
transistors Reliable, speedy, less size required
and cheaper
 Generations of computer
Gene Period Technology Features Limitations

Fourth 1980 Microprocessors Keyboard input No senses

VLSI Monitor display
ULSI High level language
Millions of Commercial use
transistors in Cheaper
single chip No AC required

Fifth Late Artificial Voice recognition

1990s intelligence… Image processing
Thinking, Optical fiber
feeling and communication
reasoning PROLOG is language
power.
Generations of computer- Fifth
Generation examples (AI)

• Lets try to collect examples from our daily life..

• Robotics
• Mobile sensors
• Sensors used in sanitary items
• Thermostatic used in Refrigerators.
• Gluco-meter
• ICU – monitors
• Modern daily life gadgets.
• Expert systems….
Classification of Computers
• On the basis of size, memory and processing power
computers are classified into two major categories
• Size
▫ Super computers
▫ Mainframe computers
▫ Mini computers
▫ Micro computers
▫ Handheld computers
▫ Laptops
▫ Palmtop and PDA
Classification of Computers
• Purpose
• Digital computers
▫ General purpose
▫ Digits and characters
▫ Examples are PC, laptop etc
• Analog computers
▫ Special purpose
▫ Continuous type of data rather than digits
▫ Measuring temp, wheel balancing,
speedometer
• Hybrid computers
▫ Both digital and analog
▫ Digital sugar checking device, DSL modems
Applications of computers
• It is useful in every aspect of life
• Education ( CAL, CBT, e-learning)
• Business (ERP, Info. system, e commerce, )
• Banking (ATM, online banking, m banking)
• Defense (GPS, missiles, nuclear weapons etc)
• Entertainment ( movies, games, music, 3D/HD)
• Health (ICU monitors, HMS)
• Agriculture ( drone monitoring, drone spraying
tools, modern agri machinery)
General terms
• Buses : electrical paths through which data
and instructions are transferred
• Memory
▫ Primary
 RAM
 DRAM (Dynamic RAM) (refreshed every few
milliseconds) (slow)
 SRAM (Static RAM) fast, used as cache, in
smart devices
 ROM
▫ Secondary memory
 Magnetic tape
 Hard disk
 Optical disk (CD, DVD, Blue Ray)
CPU (central processing unit)
• Commonly knows as processor…bookname
microprocessor
• Brain of computer
• Intel, Motorola
• Arithmetic and logical unit
• Control unit
• Modern age processor
• Bus interface unit, floating point units, multi
cores processor
What we try to learn today?
• What is ICT
• Use of ICT in education
• What is Computer history
• Application of Computer
• What are generations
• What are classifications
• What are general terms
• What is CPU
Thank you