•A pronoun is a word

used in place of a
noun or another
pronoun.

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 Examples
1.Marge went for
a walk.
2.She went for
a walk.
In the second sentence, she
is a pronoun that takes
the place of the noun
Marge. 2
1.Personal Pronouns
1.Personal Pronouns refer to
specific persons or things.

Karen ate pizza.

She was hungry.

The word "she" is a personal

pronoun that refers to "Karen."
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 Subject Pronouns
A subject pronoun is used as the
subject of a sentence.
She is my best friend.
It is my dog.
Does he know the answer?
You and I will meet later.

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 Object Pronouns
An object pronoun is used as the
direct/indirect object or the object
of a preposition.
Give the book to me.
The teacher gave her a reprimand.
I will tell you a story.
Susan read it to them.
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 List of Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
I we
Subject Pronouns you you
he, she, it they

me us
Object Pronouns you you
him, her, it them
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 2.Reflexive Pronouns
2.Reflexive Pronouns are personal
pronouns that have "-self" or
"-selves" added to the end.

Bob finished the homework himself.

The reflexive pronoun is

"himself."
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 Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another
pronoun and indicates that the same person or
thing is involved. Reflexive pronouns are formed
by adding –self or –selves to certain personal and
possessive pronouns

The woman found herself a book of folktales.

Reflexive Pronoun

Continue 8
 Reflexive Pronouns
Singular Plural
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself, herself, itself themselves

Sometimes hisself is mistakenly used for

himself and theirselves for themselves.
Avoid using hisself and theirselves.
Continue 9
 3.Indefinite Pronouns
are pronouns that do not refer to a
specific person or thing.
Someone, anybody, and, everyone are
indefinite pronouns.
Someone stole my wallet!
The word "someone" is the
indefinite pronoun.

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 Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that
does not refer to a particular person,
place, or thing.

Does anyone know the story of Midas?

Most indefinite pronouns are either singular

or plural.

Continue 11
 Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns
as their antecedents. In such cases, the pronouns
must agree in number. Note that in the first
example the intervening prepositional phrase does
not affect the agreement.

Each of the characters has his or her motive.

Several have conflict with their rivals.

Continue 12
 Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
another everybody no one both
anybody everyone nothing few
anyone everything one many
anything much somebody others
each neither someone several
either nobody something

All, any, most, none and some can be

singular or plural, depending on the phrase
that follows them. Continue 13
 Some Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in number.
Everyone discusses the plot. (singular)
Both talk about King Minos. (plural)
All of mythology is about beliefs and ideals. (singular)
All of the myths are about beliefs and ideals. (plural)

Continue 14
4.Demonstative Pronoun
A demonstrative pronoun is used to
single out one or more nouns
referred to in the sentence.
This, that, these, and those are
demonstrative pronouns.
These lemons are sour.
The word "these" is a
demonstrative pronoun.
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5.Interrogative Pronouns
5.Interrogative Pronouns are used
to ask a question.
Who, whom, and which are
interrogative pronouns.
Which shoes are mine?
The word "which" is an
interrogative pronoun.
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6.Possessive Pronouns
6.Possessive Pronouns are used to
show ownership, but they never
have an apostrophe.
Ours, his, their, and her are
possessive pronouns.
Those are his pencils.
The word "his" is a
possessive pronoun.
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 Possessive Pronouns
A possessive pronoun is a
pronoun that shows who or what
has something. A possessive
pronoun may take the place of a
possessive noun.
Read the following sentences. Notice
the possessive nouns and the
possessive pronouns that replace
them.
Continue 18
 Possessive Pronouns
Homer’s story is famous.
His story is famous.

This story is Homer’s.

This story is his.

Possessive nouns are in green. Possessive pronouns are

in red.
Continue 19
 Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns have two forms. One form is used
before a noun. The other form is used alone.
Singular Plural

Used my our
before your your
nouns his, her, its their
Used mine ours
alone yours yours
his, hers, its theirs
Continue 20
 Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are not written with apostrophes. The
pronoun its, for example, shows possession. The word
it’s, on the other hand, is a contraction of it is.
Read
the following sentences. Notice the meaning of the
words in red type.

Its central character is Odysseus. (possessive pronoun)

It’s about the adventures of Odysseus.

(contraction of It is)
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7.Emphatic/Intensive Pronouns
An intensive/ emphatic pronoun is a pronoun that
adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun already
named.

George himself bought a copy of American Tall

Tales.

He himself paid for the book.

Continue 22
 Difference between Emphatic
and Reflexive Pronoun
• A pronoun is a reflexive one if the action of
the subject reflects upon the doer. Emphatic
pronouns, on the other hand, are used to just
emphasize the action of the subject.
• He cut himself. (Reflexive: here the subject
and object refer to the same person.)
He himself cut the cake. (Emphatic: here the
emphatic pronoun himself merely puts
emphasis on the noun he.) 23
 Cont..
. I spoke to the principal myself. (Emphatic)
You must blame yourself for the loss.
(Reflexive)
• Note that an emphatic pronoun can be
removed from the sentence and the core
meaning would not be affected. A reflexive
pronoun, on the other hand, is indispensable.
The sentence wouldn’t make complete sense
if you remove the reflexive pronoun.
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 Cont..
• Compare:
He himself cut the cake. He cut the cake.
He cut himself. He cut …what?
• You will have noticed that in the first pair of
sentences, the core meaning doesn’t change
when the emphatic pronoun himself is
removed from the sentence. In the second
pair of sentences, the meaning changes or
becomes incomplete when the reflexive
pronoun is removed.
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 8.Distributive Pronouns
• Each, either, neither are called Distributive
Pronouns because they refer to persons or
things one at a time.
• They are always singular and the following
verb is also singular.
• Each of the boys gets a prize.
• Neither of the accusations is true.

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 9.Relative Pronoun and
Antecedent
• It relates ( carries us back) to some noun
going before.
• Antecedent: The noun before Relative
Pronoun is called Antecedent.
• I taught a boy who won trophy in board.
• I have a cell phone which is very expensive.
• Here is the book that you lent me.
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 1
Kris went to the game.
____ brought her
little brother with
her.
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Kris went to the game.
She brought her
little brother with
her.

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 2
Randy left ____
baseball glove at
home.

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 Randy left his
baseball glove at
home.

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 3
_____ left a
book on the
playground.

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Someone left a
book on the
playground.

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 4
_____ pair of shoes
belongs to James?

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Which pair of shoes
belongs to James?

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 5
That beach blanket is
____.

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That beach blanket is
ours.

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tha

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