A

Project Presentation
on

“INVESTIGATION OF EXHAUST SYSTEM USING DAMPING EFFECT BY

HARMONIC RESPONSE’S’’

Submitted by

A.Anudeep 17A31A0386
M.Venkat Gowtham 17A31A0396
G.Bala Sundar 17A31A0380
M.Raja Rajeswari 17A31A0361
M.Venkatesh 18A35A0321
Under the esteemed guidance of

MRS.S.HEMANI M.Tech,
Assistant Professor of ME

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINERERING

PRAGATI ENGINEEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Apprived by AICTE,Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK,Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade & NBA)
1-378,ADB Road,Surampalem,Near Peddapuram-533437

2017-2021
 INTRODUCTION
 Vibrations in automobile are the major causes for failure of most of the
automobile components. These vibrations have to be minimized to their
extent so that ,the each components can perform to their maximum
extent. Such vibration in an automobile system occurs during idle and
running conditions.

 Most running condition vibrations are because of the ups and downs on
the roads and also because of the reason that the engine is running
below its rated speed.
 Whereas the idle running vibrations are considered, the cause for the
vibrations is observed as the frequency that is produced by the
engine and its parts. The out coming frequency is transferred through
the drive line axis and damped to the road, but not all the frequency
is damped.

 Engine vibrations, on the other hand, can easily shake the exhaust
pipes enough to cause component rattling or impact which leads to
the improper functioning of the exhaust components. These
vibrations are to be controlled to ensure the proper working of
interior parts of the system
EXHAUST SYSTEM
An automobile exhaust system comprises of various device

or parts of an automotive engine, which are used for discharging

burned gases or steam. Exhaust systems consists of tubing, which

are usually used for emitting out waste exhaust gases with the help

of a controlled combustion taking place inside an automobile engine.

All the burnt gases are exhaled from an engine using one or more

exhaust pipes. These gases are expelled out through several devices

like cylinder head, exhaust manifold, turbocharger, catalytic

converter ,muffler and silencer.

Fig: typical exhaust system of passenger car and its
components
 Exhaust Pipes
 Exhaust Pipes are explicitly engineered to carry or transmit various toxic and noxious
gases away from the users of the machine. Usually, exhaust gases are very hot, that is why
exhaust pipes must be durable and heat resistant so that it does not get spoiled by heat.
These double walled pipes are manufactured using different types of metals namely
aluminized steel, stainless steel or zinc plated heavy-gauge steel.
 Catalytic Converters
 Catalytic Converters are the devices used for converting toxic and harmful hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into harmless compounds. The converter make use of
various catalysts like platinum, palladium, and rhodium coated on a ceramic honeycomb
structure which turns the dangerous gases into nontoxic gases.
 Exhaust Flange
 Exhaust Flange is a type of projecting rim used for attaching, joining or fastening tightly
various exhaust pipes with the help of nuts and bolts. These flanges are mostly made of
stainless steel, iron, aluminum, steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, and hardened steel.
 Exhaust Manifold
 The exhaust manifold is a pipe that conducts the exhaust gases from the combustion
chambers to the exhaust pipe. Many exhaust manifolds are made from cast iron or
nodular iron. Some are made from stainless steel or heavy-gauge steel.
 The exhaust manifold contains an exhaust port for each exhaust port in the cylinder
head, and a flat machined surface on this manifold fits against a matching surface on
the exhaust port area in the cylinder head.
 The Resonator, Muffler, and Tailpipe
 Since the resonator and muffler perform basically the same functions, I decided to
write about them under one heading. Firstly, the main function of the muffler is to
reduce the sound of the engines out coming exhaust gases through the exhaust pipes
to a minimal level. . Since the muffler cannot reduce the noise of the engine by itself,
some (if not most) exhaust systems also have a resonator between the catalytic
converter and the muffler. Resonators are basically the second muffler, and are usually
the "straight through" type. The tail pipe basically carries the flow of exhaust from the
muffler to the rear of the vehicle.
 Exhaust System Technology

 All too often the engine exhaust is an afterthought for the engine and chassis builders,

yet its design and construction impacts significantly upon car performance. The exhaust

system can be a vital tool for optimizing the performance of the engine, through the

way in which its design manipulates the pressure waves that can crucially assist

cylinder filling and scavenging. On the other side of the coin, the exhaust system

presents many challenges. It is a major loss-path for thermal energy; and it can be a car

packaging nightmare.
 The environment which a competition exhaust system, and particularly engine headers,
must survive can only be described as a brutal combination of temperatures, stresses,
corrosion and vibration. Contemporary exhaust technology can help reduce the
problems and help to maximize the potential gains of the system.

 It is interesting, from having spoken to several highly-placed and well recognized

experts in this field, that while there is general agreement about what features cause
improvements to happen, there are varying opinions about the reasons why those
improvements occur.
Figure: Intake Port, Exhaust Port and In-cylinder Pressures with Effective Tuning. Figure: Intake Port, Exhaust Port and In-cylinder Pressures with Poor Tuning.
CAD
 CATIA also known as Computer Aided Three-dimensional software suit that developed by the
French company call Dassault Systems.
 Different Modules in Catia 5
 Sketcher

 Part Modeling

 Surfacing

 Sheet Metal

 Drafting

 Manufacturing

 Shape designs
 ANSYS
The ANSYS program is self-contained general purpose finite element program developed and

maintained by Swason analysis systems Inc, the program contains many routines, all inter related and

all for main purpose of achieving a solution to an engineering problem by finite element method.

ANSYS finite element analysis software enables engineers to perform the following tasks:

 Build computer model or transfer models of structures, products, components, or system.

 Apply operating loads or other design performance conditions.

 Study physical responses, such as stress levels, temperature distributions, or electromagnetic fields.

 Optimize a design early in the development process to reduce production costs.

 Do prototype testing in environments where it otherwise would be undesirable or impossible.

 The ANSYS program has a compressive graphical user interface (GUI) that gives users easy,
interactive access to program functions, commands, documentation and reference material.
 Organization of the ansys program
 The ANSYS program is organized into two basic levels.
• Begin level
• Processor (or routine) level

• Begin level acts as a gateway into and out of the ANSYS program. It is also used for certain
Global program controls such as changing the job name, clearing (zeroing out) the database,
and copying binary files. At the processor level, several processors are available; each
processor is a set of functions that perform a specific analysis task.
MESHING

 Before meshing the model and even before building the model, it is important
to think about whether a free mesh or a mapped mesh is appropriate for the
analysis.
 A free mesh has no restrictions in terms of element shapes and has no
specified pattern applied to it. Compare to a free mesh, a mapped mesh is
restricted in terms of the element shape it contains and the pattern of the mesh.
 A mapped area mesh contains either quadrilateral or only triangular elements,
while a mapped volume mesh contains only hexahedron elements. If we want
this type of mesh, we must build the geometry as series of fairly regular
volumes and/or areas that can accept a mapped mesh.
DESIGN
MODEL 1 MODEL 2
STEEL CAST IRON
 ANALYSIS
 FORCED VIBRATIONS
 MODEL 1
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING
STRUCTURAL STEEL.
 GEOMETRY
STRESS STRAIN
TOTAL DEFORMATION DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION
 MODEL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING STRUCTURAL STEEL

 TOTAL DEFORMATION
 HARMONIC RESPONSE OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING STRUCTURAL STEEL
TOTAL DEFORMATION
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING CAST IRON

STRESS STRAIN
TOTAL DEFORMATION DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION
 MODEL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING CAST IRON

 TOTAL DEFORMATION
 HARMONIC RESPONSE OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING CAST IRON

 STRESS TOTAL DEFORMATION

 NATURAL VIBRATIONS

 MODEL 1

 MODAL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING STRUCTURAL STEEL

GEOMETRY
TOTAL DEFORMATIONS
 HARMONIC RESPONSE OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING STRUCTURAL
STEEL

STRESS TOTAL DEFORMATION

 MODEL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING CAST IRON

TOTAL DEFORMATION
 HARMONIC RESPONSE OF AN EXHAUST SYSTEM BY USING CAST IRON

STRESS TOTAL DEFORMATION

 RESULTS

FORCED VIBRATIONS

MODEL ANALYSIS HORMONIC RESPONSE

TOT
TOTAL
AL
MODEL MATERIAL STRESS
DEF TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL DEFORMATION
MODEL MATERIAL OR DEFORMATION DEFORMATIO DEFORM DEFORM

MA 2 N3 ATION 4 ATION 5

TIO
Structural
N 2.6661 0.011279
steel

Structural 25.0 MODEL 1

22.863 23.099 19.868 26.872
steel 05
MODEL 1
26.2 Cast iron 2.6595 0.017909
Cast iron 24.037 24.272 20.887 28.513
12
NATURAL VIBRATIONS
MODEL ANALYSIS HORMONIC RESPONSE

TOT

AL TOTAL
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL MODEL MATERIAL STRESS
DEF DEFORMATION
MODEL MATERIAL DEFORMATION DEFORMATION DEFORM DEFORM
OR
2 3 ATION 4 ATION 5
MAT

ION
Structural
17.28 0.041898
Structural 17.7 steel
16.541 23.631 20.565 11.902 MODEL 1
steel 69
MODEL 1
18.6
Cast iron 17.394 24.78 21.615 12.693 Cast iron 33.239 0.12692
5
 GRAPHS
FORCED VIBRATIONS

MODEL ANALYSIS---TOTAL DEFORMATION

HORMONIC RESPONSE—TOTAL DEFORMATION

 NATURAL VIBRATIONS

 MODEL ANALYSIS---TOTAL DEFORMATION

 HORMONIC RESPONSE
CONCLUSION
 This project deals with the damping of such later mentioned vibration problems with a concept of
CAE (Computer Aided Engineering).

 In this project we are using vibration absorption materials as dampers and analyzing the system
under various conditions for modal (natural vibrations) and harmonic (forced vibrations)
response. The modelling of the system is to be done with CATIA software package and analysis
using ANSYS.

 we have analyzed the product using forced and the natural vibrations using 2 different models
with structural steel and cast iron materials.

 As if we compare the forced vibrations for the vehicle, we can find that the deformations are very
less at different level of frequencies obtained. we can find that the deformations are very less at
different level of frequencies obtained in the model analysis.
THANK you