OF NURSING -- TAMAKA

KOLAR
SUBJECT–ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE

TOPIC---ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OF

MEDICINES

YEAR- IST YEAR M.SC NURSING

PRESENTED BY:
BENETA V
SDUCON
TAMAKA KOLAR
LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

1. To define complementary and alternative treatment ?

2. To list out the five categories of CAM ?
3. To describe on different types of alternative medicine ?
4. To explain the different types of mind body medicine ?
5. To describe the different types of biologically based therapies?
6. To describe the different types of energy therapies?
7. To describe the different types of manipulative and body based therapies?
 INTRODUCTION

• Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) includes various healing

process and therapies that originate from around that are not based on
conventional western medicines , these therapies are called alternative
medicines when they are used with conventional medicine.
 DEFINITION

• Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term commonly used

to describe a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies
that focus on the whole person including biopsychosocial and spiritual
aspect.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

• CAM therapies when used alone referred as alternative therapies.

 COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES.

When CAM therapies are used in combination with other conventional therapies referred
as complementary therapies.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS

• Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and
practice. Often, these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the
conventional medical approach used.
 TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE
MEDICAL SYSTEMS
•.
Ayurveda

Siddha
Naturopathy
Types of alternative
medical systems

Homeopathy Unani & tibbi

 AYURVEDA
• Ayurveda is the traditional medicine of India, which originated there over 5,000 years ago.
• AYURVEDA is a system of healing based on homeopathy and naturopathy, with an extensive
use of herbs.
• In Sanskrit , word Ayurveda consists of the word ayes meaning life and Veda meaning related
to knowledge or science.
• According to Ayurveda, everything is composed of five elements: air, water, fire, earth, and
space.
• These elements combine to form the three doshas
•  Vata  kapha  pitta
 AYURVEDA

• The aim is to remove the cause of disorders, prevent illness and harmonize
body, mind and consciousness. Ayurveda aids is maintaining good health,
increasing longevity and overall quality of life.
• Examples:
• Terminalia arjuna – used for coronary artery diseases.
• Black pepper And long pepper are combined with ginger—reduction of joint
pain & indigestion.
TREATMENT

• It mainly consists of two types of treatments:-

• 1) Shodhana karma/Panchakarma (Elimination of morbid factors).
• 2) Shaman karma (Palliative treatment).
PANCHAKARMA
• Panchakarma is Ayurveda’s primary purification and detoxification treatment. • This is
a process used to clean the toxic materials in the body left by disease and poor nutrition.
• Ayurveda says that imbalanced doshas create waste matter.
• • This waste matter is called Ama in Ayurveda.
• Panchakarma will stick out the excess doshas (or imbalances in the dosha) along with
the Ama out of your system by means of the body waste evacuation channels such as
sweat glands, urinary tract, intestines, etc.
• • Panchakarma is, thus, a balancing operation.
• • Ayurveda recommends Panchakarma as a seasonal treatment for toning your mind
body system.
AYURVEDIC TREATMENT PLAN
• Diet
• Cleansing and detoxification
• Herbal medicine
• Yoga
• Meditation
• Exercise
• Massage
 AYURVEDIC MEDICINES FOR VARIOUS
• Anaemia
ALIGNMENTS
• Arthritis
• Asthma
• Back Ache
• Bleeding Gums
• Blood Dysentery
• Bronchitis
• Cancer
• Chicken Pox
• Cholera
• Cough and Cold
• Dengue
 SIDDHA
• The siddha is a form of south Indian Tamil traditional medicine , the system
is believed to be developed by the 9nath and 84 siddhas in the north and 18
siddhas in the south called siddhar.

• Siddharas were the concept that a healthy body, the treatment in siddha
medicines in aimed at keeping the three humours in equilibrium and
maintenance of seven elements it is assumed that when the normal
equilibrium of three humours vatha, pitha & kapha is distributed disease
caused.
DIAGNOSIS

• Diagnosis of diseases are done through examination of pulse, urine, eyes,

study of voice, colour of body, tongue and status of the digestion of
individual patients.
• System has unique treasure for the conversion of metals and minerals as
drugs and many infective diseases are treated with the medicines containing
specially processed mercury, silver, arsenic, lead and sulphur without any
side effects.
SIDDHA
• The strength of the Siddha system lies in providing very effective therapy in the case of
o Psoriasis,
o Rheumatic disorders,
o Chronic liver disorders,
o Benign prostate hypertrophy,
o Bleeding piles,
o Peptic ulcer
o Various kinds of Dermatological disorders of non psoriatic nature.
 UNANI AND TIBBI
• Unani or Yunani medicine is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced
in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia.
• Unani medicine is pseudoscientific
• The term Yūnānī means "Greek", as the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was
based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen
• As an alternative form of medicine unani has found in favour in Asia,
especially in india.
UNANI
• Hippocrates was the first to set forth the principles of the humoral theory. –
According to Hippocrates, the human body has four humors :
• blood, bile,
• black bile,
• and phlegm.
UNANI MEDICINE IN INDIA

unani medicine in India The first Unani physician who

came to India was from Afghanistan (Herat). His name
was Hakim Diya Uddin.
DIAGNOSIS:

• The diagnosis of a disease is done by feeling pulse , observation of urine

,stool color of skin and gait etc.
 HOMEOPATHY

• Homeopathic remedies are typically derived from plants, herbs,

minerals, or animal products. After being crushed and dissolved in
alcohol and/or water, the selected substance undergoes a long
process of dilution and succession (a process that involves vigorous
shaking of the solution). The solution is then stored.

• It is a therapy based on the concept that disease can be treated with

drugs (minute dose) .
 CLINICAL APPLICATION OF
HOMEOPATHY

• Diarrhoea

• Migraines

• Motion sickness

• The flu
SIDE EFFECTS OF HOMEOPATHIC
REMEDIES

• Since they're so diluted, homeopathic remedies don't usually cause adverse

effects. In some cases, however, patients may briefly feel worse after first

beginning their homeopathic treatment.

LIMITATIONS OF HOMEOPATHY
1. A surgical problem which has progressed far beyond its initial stages might not
respond to homoeopathy.

2. Some sudden life threatening situations like heart attacks, paralytic strokes,
diabetic comas etc. might have to be initially treated with allopathy, till the patient is
out of danger.

3. It is relatively slow acting as compared to the steroids.

4. The success rate is not 100%.

 NATUROPATHY
• Naturopathy uses body's natural healing abilities in prevention and treatment of
disease through a healthy lifestyle.

• It builds immunity, improves mental health, and enhances body functions.

• Naturopathy mainly focuses on finding the cause of the disease rather than merely
treating the symptoms of disease.

• It uses diet, homeopathy, hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, and other therapies to

return the body to a state where it can heal itself.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF
NATUROPATHY
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Menstrual cycle disturbances (e.g. , cramping, fluid retention, irregular
cycles)
• Stress and anxiety
• Mild depression
• Mood swings
• Allergies
• Arthritis
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF
NATUROPATHY
• Menopause related problems (e.g. hot flushes, insomnia, mood changes)
• Sleep problems
• Poor immunity
• Arthritis
• Blood sugar imbalances
• Slow metabolism
• General wellbeing
• Preconception care and fertility
TYPES OF NATUROPAHTY
• NUTRITION AND DIETICS
• FASTING
• STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
• HYDROTHERAPY
• HEATHY LIFE STYLE
• REBALANCING FOOD
• ESSENTIAL OILS, AND OTHER BACH FLOWERS, HERBS AND PLANTS
• RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
• MASSAGE
• EDUCATION
NUTRITION AND DIETICS IN
NATUROPAHTY

• The concept of diet is little different in modern medicine.

• In Naturopathy food is classified as acidic or alkaline, live or dead food,
eliminative, soothing, constructive, vegetarian or non-vegetarian, liquid,
fruit, and mono fruit diet, etc. 
• Naturopathy gives more emphasis on raw food rather than cooked food.
 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT

•  By such methods as osteopathy, chiropractic, neuromuscular techniques, postural

re-education and remedial exercise, the Naturopath seeks to restore balance and
integrate the spine, muscles, ligaments and joints of the whole person, thus re-
establishing the efficient flow of the neural and vascular systems.
•
HYDROTHERAPY
 HEALTHY LIFE-STYLE

•  This includes the general care of one's mind and body, the use of appropriate
physical exercise, the cultivation of a positive approach to life enhancement

etc.
•
REBALANCING OF FOOD

• A healthy lifestyle includes good nutrition and adequate physical activity. If

your body weight has not changed for several months, the calories you
consume from food and the calories you burn from physical activity are
balanced.
 ESSENTIAL OILS
Essential oils are concentrated extracts of various plants. Practitioners use them in
natural and alternative health practices, such as aromatherapy and naturopathy.

1.Lemon. Energizing and purifying. Invigorating and clarifying. ...

2.Lavender. Calming. Relaxation. ...
3.Peppermint. Decreases mental fatigue. ...
4.Bergamot. Eases pain. ...
5.Orange. Energizing. ...
6.Roman Chamomile. Calming and pain relief. ...
7.Marjoram. Eases pain.
 MIND-BODY MEDICINE

• Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the

mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms. Some techniques
that were considered alternative in the past have become main stream (for
example, patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy)
 MEDITATION BIOFEEDBACK
AND BREATHING .

; TYPES OF BODY
MIND
RELAXATION
TECHNIQUES
RELAXATION HYPNOTHERAP
TECHNIQUE Y

GUIDED
IMAGERY
 MEDITATION

Meditation means sitting or resting quietly, often with the eyes closed, which
stills the mind for greater self-awareness.
Meditation also helps in reduction of pain and relieving stress.
It also involves sometimes the repetitive sounding of a mantra, which helps
the person to focus. Meditation promotes relaxation.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
• Prolonging Life Expectancy
• Stress Control
• Pain Management
• Cancer and Other Chronic Illness
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Infertility
• Psoriasis
• Respiratory crises
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Tension Headaches
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcers, and Insomnia
• Fibromyalgia
LIMITATIONS OF MEDICATION

• It may be contraindicated in people who have a strong fear of losing control

• Hypertensive individual require a much shorter session than average 15-20
minute session.
RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

• Relaxation techniques are aimed at relaxing muscles and quieting the mind
and are mainly designed to relieve tension and strain. It is also used as an
alternative treatment for insomnia.
 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF
RELAXATION TECHNIQUE
• Lowering heart rate
• Lowering BP , tension
• Improving well being
• Reducing symptoms of distress
• Depression
• Anxiety
• LIMITATIONS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUES :
• Individual undergoing relaxation therapy has report fearing loss of control. Feeling they are
floating and experiencing relaxation induced anxiety related to theses feelings.
• Occasional relaxation techniques may result in continued intensification of symptoms.
 HYPNOSIS
•  Hypnosis is a sort of conscious sleep or trance that can help people deal
with addictions, pain or anxiety disorders.
• In hypnosis, a person is put into an advanced state of relaxation in which
he is relatively unaware of his surroundings but not entirely unconscious
about it
• A hypnotized person follows the instructions given by the
hypnotherapist and tends not to be to psycho logic stress and conflict.
INDICATIONS OF HYPNOSIS
• Habit Disorders
• Habit Disorders
• Relaxation
• Anxiety States
• OCD
• Psychotic Disorders
• CONTRAINDICATIONS OF HYPNOSIS
• In a patient who does not want it.
• Hypertensive individual .
 BIOFEEDBACK

• Is a group of therapeutic procedures that use electronic or electromechanical

instruments to measure the process and information to person about their
neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system.
• The information or feed back is given in physical, physiological activity or
visual feedback signals.
 BIOFEEDBACK

• People are trained to exercise some control over the way their bodies work
and involves measuring a subject's bodily processes such as blood pressure,
heart rate, skin temperature using electronic sensors.
• Biofeedback helps a person to be more aware of what his body is doing, and
to bring reactions under control.
 THE MOST COMMON BIOFEEDBACK
TECHNIQUES ARE:
• Temperature biofeedback -The main goal of hand-
warming biofeedback is to measure your level of stress
via your skin temperature, allowing you to consciously
change your stress level to appropriately meet the
circumstances. The more stressed you are, the lower
the temperature in your hands, feet, and other extremities.
•.
•
THE MOST COMMON BIOFEEDBACK
TECHNIQUES ARE:

• EMG biofeedback -Electromyography biofeedback

• uses electrodes placed on a patient's muscles to generate a feedback signal (in
vision or sound) in response to muscle activation. It is believed that this may
allow patients to learn a more effective way of using their disabled limb
THE MOST COMMON BIOFEEDBACK
TECHNIQUES ARE:

• EEG biofeedback---
• Electroencephalography EEG biofeedback may help patients with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, anxiety, seizures,
depression, and other types of brain condition. During
a biofeedback session, the therapist attaches electrodes to the patient's skin,
and these send information to a monitoring box.
•
THE MOST COMMON BIOFEEDBACK
TECHNIQUES ARE:

• Galvanic Skin Response-

• The galvanic skin response (GSR, which falls under the umbrella term of
electro dermal activity, or EDA) refers to changes in sweat gland activity that
are reflective of the intensity of our emotional state, otherwise known as
emotional arousal.
 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND
LIMITATIONS OF BIOFEDDBACK
•  Biofeedback helps the treating
• pain
• stress
• Insomnia
• headache.
• LIMITATIONS OF BIOFEEDBACK
• During relaxation the feeling may be uncovered that client cannot cope with
them. For this reason it’s recommended that practitioners should be trained.
 BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPIES

• Biologically based therapies in complementary and alternative medicine use

substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins. There are
mainly following types of biological based therapy:
• Herbal Medicine
• Orthomolecular Medicine
 HERBAL MEDICINE

• Herbal medicine is a system, which uses various remedies derived from

plants and their extracts to treat disorders and maintain good health.
• Either a whole single herb or a mixture of different herbs can be used.
• Though herbal medicine exhibits a slower and deeper action they assist the
body to eliminate and detoxify, thus taking care of the problem that’s causing
the symptoms.
• Herbal medicines are available as extracts, infusions, pills, and powders.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF HERBAL
THERAPY
• Minor burns
• Wound healing
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Motion sickness
 ORTHOMOLECULAR
MEDICINE
• Orthomolecular medicine involves the use of proper nutrition or nutritional supplements to maintain and restore health.
• Orthomolecular medicine uses combinations of minerals, vitamins and amino acids normally found in the body to treat
specific conditions.
• Arthritis
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension
• Beriberi
• Night blindness
• Osteomalacia
• Pernicious anaemia, Rickets, Scurvy, Xerophtalmia
MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED
METHODS
• Manipulative and body-based methods in complementary and alternative medicine
are based on manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body.
•  Chiropractic
•  Osteopathy
•  Massage Therapy
•  Reflexology
•  Accupressure
CHIROPRACTIC

• Chiropractic is based on the theory that disease conditions result from

misalignments of body structures, especially the spine.
• Due to this misalignment pressure is placed on the nerve roots as they exit the spinal
column resulting in decreased function of the nerve and the organs that they serve.
• The treatment for achieving this balance is spinal manipulation to restore correct
alignment and full working order. Researches have shown chiropractic to be
effective in treating low back pain.
OSTEOPATHY

• Osteopathy is a system of diagnosis and treatment by manipulation that mainly

focuses on musculo- skeletal problems.
• It differs from chiropractic in its underlying theory that it is impairment of blood
supply and not nerve supply that leads to problems.
• Doctors of osteopathy use manipulation plus traditional medicine to cure problems.
• It is the manipulation of body tissues to promote wellness and reduce pain and
stress.
• It plays an important role in treating illness or chronic ailments, and contributes to a
higher sense of general well being. It involves a variety of techniques such as
stroking or kneading for applying pressure to specific points.
• Massage therapy may cause side effects and should not be used in people who have
infectious or contagious skin diseases.
REFLEXOLOGY

• Reflexology is the practice of stimulating points on the feet, hands and ears
to improve health or give a beneficial effect on some other parts of the body.
• It is commonly performed on the particular areas of foot that are believed to
correspond to different organs or systems of the body.
• This helps to eliminate the blockage of energy responsible for pain or disease
in the corresponding body part.
ACCUPRESSURE

• Acupressure is an ancient form of massage that is one of the treatment

methods used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The goal of acupressure (as
well as other Chinese Medicine treatments), is to encourage the movement of
qi ("life energy") through the 14 channels (meridians) inside the body.
BIOFIELD THERAPIES
• Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround
and penetrate the human body. The existence of such fields has not yet been
scientifically proven. Some forms of energy therapy manipulate biofields by
applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands in, or
through, these fields.
• 1. Reiki
• 2. Therapeutic Touch
• 3. Bioelectromagnetic-based Therapies
• 4. qigong
• Acupuncture
REIKI THERAPIES

• Reiki is a technique, which uses the channelling and flow of energy through
the body to improve health and promote healing.

• It is very much different from conventional healing therapies. Because in a

Reiki therapy, there are no medicines or tools needed to heal diseases.
REIKI THERAPIES
• All a practitioner has to do is to direct energy towards the body through the hands and the
power of meditation.
• Anxiety
• Stress
• Arthritis
• Endometriosis
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Insomnia
• Depression
• Migraines  Hot flashes  Cramps
REIKI THERAPIES

• Regular sessions are requires.

• Need other treatment in addition to Reiki therapy in case of serious illness.
• This technique uses the therapist's healing energy to identify and repair imbalances
in a person's biofield.
• They believe that by placing their hands on or near a patient's body they can direct
energy and correct disturbances.
• Pain  Fever  Swelling,  Infections  Wounds  Ulcers  Thyroid problems
 Burns  Nausea  Premenstrual syndrome  Diarrhea, and headaches  TT is
useful in treating diseases such as measles, Alzheimer’s disease
QIGONG

• Qigong (pronounced chee-gong) is an ancient Chinese exercise and healing

technique that involves meditation, controlled breathing and movement
exercises.
• Qigong can harmonise, strengthen, and have a healing effect on the functioning
of all the internal organs and bodily systems. It increases the supply and flow of
energy throughout the body, can have a variety of rejuvenating effects and is
believed to increase longevity, and it induces calm mental and emotional states.
BIOELECTROMAGNETIC-BASED
THERAPIES
•.
• Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies use pulsed energy or magnetic fields to
alter the body's electromagnetic fields and cure illness. Magnets have
become a popular treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions and even
to relieve pain.
• Osteoporosis
• Arthritis
• Effective in healing non-union fracture hip
• Pain
 ACUPUNTURE

• Acupuncture is a component of traditional Chinese medicine that originated

in China over 5,000 years ago. It is based on the belief that living beings
have a vital energy, called "qi” that circulates through twelve invisible
energy lines known as meridians on the body.
• Acupuncturists insert needles into specified points along meridian lines to
influence the restore balance to the flow of qi. There are over 1,000
acupuncture points on the body
 HOW ACUPUNCTURE WORKS

• There are numerous theories about how acupuncture works.

• Some of them are:
• acupuncture stimulates the release of pain acupuncture influences the release
of neurotransmitters, substances that transmit nerve impulses to the brain
• acupuncture influences the autonomic nervous system
• acupuncture stimulates circulation
• acupuncture influences the electrical currents of the body
CONDITIONS TREATED BY
ACUPUNCTURE
• Migraines And Tension Headaches
•
• Sinusitis
• Common Cold
• Addictions, Quit Smoking
• Meniere's Disease
• Arthritis
• Menstrual Cramps
• Asthma
• Weight Loss
• Infertility
LIMITATIONS OF ACUPUNTURE
• Acupuncture is considered a safe therapy when the practitioner has been trained
and uses sterilized needles.
• The complications includes…
• Infection
• Broken needle puncture of an internal organ
• Bleeding
• Fainting
• Seizure
CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Person with bleeding disorders

• Thrombocytopenia
• Skin infection
• Semi permanent needles should not b used in a person with vascular heart
disease because of the risk of infection.
• Electro acupuncture should avoid in person with a pacemaker, epilepsy or in
pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
•  The integrative medicine approach is consistent with the holistic approach nurses
are taught to practice. Nurses have the potential for becoming essential participants
in this type of health care philosophy. Nurses should be knowledgeable of CAM
therapies to make appropriate recommendation. Nurses should also provide advice
to client regarding when to seek conventional therapies or CAM therapies.
• Nurses need to be aware of their state nurse practice act with regard to CAM
therapies and practice only with in the scope of these laws. Nurses have knowledge
regarding current researches being done in this area to provide accurate
information not only to patient but to other health care professionals.
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• Sheeber p basheer yashsin khan a concise text book of advanced nursing practice
emmesses medical publisher banglore sedond edition page number 603-619
• Perry and potter. Fundamentals of nursing. 6th ed. Mosby an imprint of Elsevier
NEW DELHI pp 915- 26.
• Stuart W. Gail, Lararia T. Michele. Principle and practice of psychiatric nursing. 8th
ed. Mosby an imprint of Elsevier. NEW DELHI : Pp 618-26.
• Black Joyce M. et al .Medical Surgical nursing. 1st ed. Singapore. W.B. Sunder
1997: pp780-5.
• Net references- http://www.stop getting lik.com
• http://explorewingworld quest.org