SOCIAL CONFLICT AND

INEQUALITY
 WHAT ARE WE GOING TO TALK
ABOUT?

The importance of learning the reasons and

How people in Pakistan are affected by different
effects of imbalances held by caste and class in
inequalities.
our society.
HOW SOCIAL CONFLICT AND INEQUALITY CAN BE
DEFINED?

SOCIAL CONFLICT
• In sociology class conflict describes society's tendency to change and
develop due to perpetual conflict between classes.
• There are different theories that are applied to explain conflict between
social caste and classes, proletariat v/s bourgeoisie, and ideologies, such
as capitalism v/s socialism, are called conflict theories.

INEQUALITY
• Social inequality can be described as of unequal opportunities and
rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or
society. It contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal
distributions of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments.
 Karl Marx:
o Karl Max believes that inequality is not just in any
society; everyone should be treated equally; however,
individual culture and institutions support social
stratification and inequality.

THEORIST Herbert Spencer:

DESCRIBING • Herbert's theory says that it's all about "Survival of the
fittest“. Also, this theory says that only fit people should
SOCIAL be considered and be given more opportunities, and
vulnerable people should not be considered or given any
CONFLICT AND opportunities.
INEQUALITY. Davis and Mores:
• This theory says that stratification has benefits in
society as in every society number of tasks has to be
completed.
 TYPES OF INEQUALITIES
EXISTS IN PAKISTAN

• Education and Income inequality.

• Gender Inequality.
• Inequality with Minorities.
• Inequality in Tax reforms.
 EDUCATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY.

Investment in education has resulted in the development of all advanced countries. As

a result, we can argue that education is a multifaceted procedure on the one hand and
that it also performs a major part in the state's financial progress on the other.
Education also helps to minimize income inequality and unemployment because they
are intertwined. Pakistan is a nation with wide socioeconomic gaps and unequal wealth
disparity. Agriculture employs the majority of people (Aittomäki, Martikainen,
Rahkonen, & Lahelma, 2014). However, the income of this business is owned by
landowners with economic and political influence. Yet, they have kept that money to
their territories, rarely paying decent wages to the underprivileged workers. That’s the
reason that contributed to income inequality among the great majority of Pakistanis
living in rural areas. As a result of their financial constraints, low-income families
cannot send their children to school for quality education.
 GENDER INEQUALITY.

Globally, Gender discrimination and violence towards women are the most widespread but least
recognized human rights violations. Despite Pakistan’s recent economic growth, many social
disparities, especially gender inequalities, seem to persist. In 2018 Pakistan was ranked as the
second-worst country in terms of gender equality by the World Economic Forum after Yemen,
in its Global Gender Gap Index. According to the World Bank, almost one-third of married
Pakistani women have experienced physical abuse from their partners, though unofficial figures
are even higher. Hundreds of women and girls are murdered each year in Pakistan by family
members enraged by alleged insults to their honor
 INEQUALITY WITH MINORITIES.

Pakistan is a country with over 177 million people representing diverse races,
ethnicities, sects, faiths, sub-sects, and languages. Despite the founders'
dream, which included that every person will have voting rights, Pakistan does
not even give Ahmadis the right to vote. The Gojra incident in the summer of
2009, in which seven Christians, including women and girls, were burned alive, is
one prime cause.
 SOCIAL CONFLICT AND
INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN BY
QUANTITATIVE MEANS.

Here are some questions that we had in our quantitative survey:

• Inequality faced by people at the workplace.
• Inequality confronted by students at educational institutions.
• Discrimination and hate speech people face due to their religion.
• Challenges of having a different mother tongue than other colleagues and classmates.
• Existence of nepotism at the workplace and educational institutions.
• Discrimination due to race and ethnicity.
• Problems faced by minorities in Pakistan.
• Issues confronted by women in Pakistan, especially with regards to employment.
• Inequality during the induction in Pakistan army.
• Inequality faced by people due to their caste and social class.
• Effective and realistic solutions to deal with such issues of social conflicts and inequalities.
 FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY

• The majority of the people in Pakistan, as per our survey, do not face any inequality.
• Approximately more than 50% of the people believe their teacher is biased.
• Interestingly, the majority of the people have been the victim of hate speech due to their religion.
• Fortunately, around 96% of people never considered superior or inferior caste.
• The majority of the people believe that in Pakistan, only the elite class is given respect.
• People had mixed views concerning equality in government and the private sector.
• The majority of the people believe that if these sorts of issues are required to be eradicated, it is
important to teach the children from the very beginning.
• This finding is directly derived from the people experience, and it adds more conformity in
already existing research's, e.g., in yes people face inequality in the education sector
WHAT DOES EXTREME INEQUALITY
DO TO SOCIETY?

Social scientists say inequality:

• Corrupts politics.
• Hinders economic growth.
• Stifles social mobility.
• Fuels crime.
• Squanders Talent.
 HOW IT CAN BE REDUCED?

• Penalize organizations, health sectors who engage in racial discrimination. Every

individual should be checked up with the same quality measures.
• The representation of minorities should be increased in upper and lower house. This
would ensure that they have a power and authority to influence decisions in Parliament
and National Assembly of Pakistan.
• The minimum wage has long been viewed as a critical component of economic policies
aimed at alleviating poverty and inequality. Raising the minimum wage is intended to
increase earnings for millions of low-wage jobs, reducing income inequality.
• The government should change the tax policy that will make investment income more
valuable for each class.
THANKYOU