Hess’s Law

EQ: Why is Hess’s Law a useful tool in

solving for ∆Hrxn?
 Analogy for Hess's Law

• There is an old Chinese proverb which says:

There are many ways to the top of a mountain,
but the view from the top is always the same.
 State Functions
The pathway
Grandma’s House doesn’t matter; the
altitude change is
the same.

Red’s House
Develop an analogy for soccer and scoring a goal.
Develop an analogy for soccer and scoring a goal.
 Hess’s Law
the heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical
process is the same whether the process takes
place in one or several steps.
 Hess’s Law
if two or more chemical equations can be added
together to produce an overall equation, the sum of
the enthalpy equals the enthalpy change of the
overall equation.
 B. How to Use Hess’s Law
1. The goal is to obtain the desired reaction by adding up two or
more reactions.
2. Work backwards. For each reaction, line up reactants and
products to the desired reaction. If they are not already lined
up, flip the equation and change the sign of ΔH by multiplying by
-1.
3. Skip reactants or products that appear in more than one reaction.
4. Make sure that the coefficients match. If they do not, multiply
the coefficients of the entire reaction by the necessary number
(sometimes a fraction) and also multiply ΔH by that number.
5. Always write down state symbols (s, l, g, aq). Some problems will
ask that you simply cancel out certain states.
6. Cancel substances that are on both sides of the arrow.
7. On occasion, multiple steps of multiplying and reversing the
reactions are needed to solve the problem.
Determine the heat of reaction for the reaction:

C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g)

Use the following reactions:

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ

C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)H = -1550 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ

 Determine the heat of reaction for1thecheck
reaction:to
see if
st

they are lined up

C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g)
and then check
Use the following reactions: coefficient

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ

-1 C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) H = -1550 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ

2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)  C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) H = +1550 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ

C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g) H = -137 kJ

Calculate H for this reaction:
6C(s)+6H2(g)+3O2(g)C6H12O6(s)
using the following three equations:

6 C (s)+O (g)CO (g)

2 2 H= -393.51 kJ

6 H (g)+ ½O (g)H O(l)

2 2 2 H= -285.83 kJ

-1 C6H12O6(s)+6O2 (g)6CO2 (g)+6H2O(l) H= -2803.02 kJ

6C (s)+6O2(g)6CO2 (g) H=-2361.06 kJ

6H2(g)+ 3O2(g)6H2O(l) H=-1714.98 kJ

6CO2 (g)+6H2O(l)  C6H12O6(s)+6O2 (g) H= +2803.02 kJ

6C(s) +6H2(g) +3O2(g) C6H12O6(s) ∆H = -1273.02 kJ

 Extra Problem
• Na(s) + ½Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)
2Na(s) + 2HCl(g)  2NaCl(s) + H2(g) ΔH = –637.4 kJ
H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g) ΔH = –184.6 kJ

With your partner, determine what each

reaction should be multiplied by. Do not solve.
 • Na(s) + ½Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)
½ 2Na(s) + 2HCl(g)  2NaCl(s) + H (g) ΔH = –637.4
2
kJ
½ H (g) + Cl (g)  2HCl(g) ΔH = –184.6 kJ
2 2
 Practice problems
• Do Page 508 PPQ # 28-29