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Referat Nutrisi
Referat Nutrisi
Referat Nutrisi
Supervisor
dr. Hj. Elya Endriani, Sp.An
ABSTRAK
Nutrition is part of the treatment. Nutrition is very important in
supporting the healing of patients, especially critically ill patients
treated in intensive care. In critically ill patients nutrition is affected by
several factors such as underlying disease conditions, strees due to
illness, nutritional needs, use of drugs, ventilator dependence, and
route of administration of nutrients.
Protein-calorie malnutrition caused by the procedure or
treatment in hospital (iatrogenic) is an important problem in hospitals
worldwide, with an incidence of weight loss of 66% of patients during
hospitalization. Malnutrition occurs due to poor nutrition intake,
increased nutritional needs, or the use of nutrients to the needs of the
condition of the body, and can cause organ malfunction, weight loss,
and clinical outcomes were not expected.
Nutrition can be either enteral and parenteral nutrition. Selection
of proper nutrition as well as strict monitoring will give a good
outcome to the recovery of patients and reduce the duration of
hospitalization of patients in hospitals.
Keywords: Nutrition, Malnutrition, critically ill patients, intensive care
room.
PENDAHULUAN
asupan nutrisi << MALNUTRIS
↑ kebutuhan nutrisi I
penggunaan nutrisi u/
kebutuhan kondisi tubuh
lain
stress metabolik – faktor-faktor yang
HIPERKATABOLIK mempengaruhi
manajemen
pemberian nutrisi
RISIKO INFEKSI
malfungsi organ
↓ BB
OUTCOME
BAIK pd Pasien
Mortalitas Kritis di Ruang
mencapai Intensif
30%
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Penilaian Status Nutrisi Pada
Pasien Sakit Kritis
Keterangan :
• BEE - Dalam kilokalori / hari
• Berat - Dalam kilogram
• Tinggi - Dalam inci
• Usia - Dalam tahun
Substansi1
• Karbohidrat - sekitar 70% dari kebutuhan kalori.
• Protein - Kebutuhan protein lebih tinggi dari normal pada
pasien sakit kritis karena hipermetabolisme. Kebutuhan
protein = 1,2-1,6 g / kg / hari.
• Lipid - 30% dari kebutuhan energi harian
• Cairan - Kebutuhan cairan diperkirakan 30 ml / kg berat
badan + pengganti kerugian abnormal. Tapi, ini juga
tergantung pada kondisi klinis yang mendasari pasien
secara individual.
• Vitamin
Tabel 1. Kebutuhan vitamin pada pasien kritis1
Terapi Nutrisi Yang Diberikan Pada Pasien
Kritis Di Ruang Intensif
Indikasi : Indikasi :
jika pasien memiliki Jangka pendek (<14 hari)
Pankreatitis berat
asupan oral tidak adekuat
Post-kemoterapi
untuk 1 - 3 hari.
Mucositis
Enterocutaneous
fistula
Kontraindikasi :
Muntah derajat berat
Sirkulasi Syok
Obstruksi saluran
Jangka panjang (> 30 hari)
pencernaan
Inflammatory bowel
Diare Berat
disease
Entero-cutaneous fistulas
Malabsorpsi kronis
NUTRISI PARENTERAL MELALUI VENA SENTRAL.
Tergantung kebutuhan kalori, volume yang diberikan serta kondisi
pasien.
Terbaik dengan komponen:
▪ Amino acid> 5 %
▪ Dextrose > 20 %
▪ Lipids
▪ Mengandung vitamin, mineral dan trace elements
▪ Osmolality > 700 mOsm/kg H2O
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