ALGEBRA

OBJECTIVES
 Translates English phrases to mathematical phrases and English sentences to mathematical
sentences, and vice versa
Illustrates and differentiates related terms in algebra
 is positive integer
Constants and variables
Literal coefficients and numerical coefficients
Algebraic expressions, terms and polynomials
Number of terms, degree of the term and degree of the polynomial

Define related terms in algebra

ALGEBRA is branch of Mathematics
that uses symbols, usually letters of the
Alphabet, in order to solve problems.
 ALGEBRA

NUMERALS SYMBOLS OR SIGNS

A. Operational Signs

B. Symbols of Relationship

C. Symbols of Grouping

D. Letters or Variables
 ALGEBRA

SYMBOLS OR SIGNS
NUMERALS
A. Operational Signs
-determiner of a quantity
addition
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 subtraction
multiplication
division
 
√ root
 ALGEBRA
NUMERALS SYMBOLS OR SIGNS
A. Operational Signs
B. Symbols of Relationship
  equal
not equal
Is less than
is greater than
Is less than or equal to
Is greater than or equal to
 ALGEBRA
NUMERALS SYMBOLS OR SIGNS
A. Operational Signs
B. Symbols of Relationship

C. Symbols of Grouping
 
parenthesis
{} braces
bracket
bar or vinculum
 ALGEBRA
NUMERALS SYMBOLS OR SIGNS
A. Operational Signs

B. Symbols of Relationship

C. Symbols of Grouping

D. Letters or Variables

-represent unknown numbers

a, b, c, d, … x, y, z
CONSTANTS, VARIABLES & ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
•CONSTANT – any symbol that represent exactly one number in its replacement set
5 0 -8 -1/2
•VARIABLE – is a term or number with exact values
a x y d
• ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION – simply an expression is a result of combining numbers
and variables with at least one mathematical operation.
2xy- 1 3–b 3x – 2y + 3
CONSTANTS, VARIABLES & ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
• TERM – a constant or a variable or constants and variables multiplied together
7 x
•EXPONENT – tells how many times the base is used as a factor

exponent
base = 4×4×4=64

Numerical coefficient Literal coefficient

Decide whether each quantity is constant or variable.

1. The number of months in a year constant

2. the number of people infected with Corona Virus each week
in your brgy. variable
3. The number of primary colors constant
4. The water bill each month variable
5. The number of sides in an octagon constant
 POLYNOMIAL
Is an algebraic expression where each term is
a constant, a variable, or a product of an
constant and the variable has a whole number
(non-negative number) exponent. A
polynomial also can be a monomial, binomial,
trinomial or a multinomial.
 CLASSIFYING ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION
Remember:
 

An algebraic expression is NOT a polynomial if:

the exponent of the variable is NOT a whole number {0, 1, 2, 3…}.
the variable is inside the radical sign.
The variable is in denominator.
polynomial
Not a polynomial
Not a polynomial
Not a polynomial
Classify each algebraic expression according to the number of
 

its terms.

1. MONOMIAL
2. MONOMIAL
3. MONOMIAL

MONOMIAL is a polynomial with 1 term

Classify each algebraic expression according to the number of
 

its terms.

1. BINOMIAL
2. BINOMIAL
3. BINOMIAL

BINOMIAL is a polynomial with 2 terms.

Classify each algebraic expression according to the number of
 

its terms.

1. TRINOMIAL
2. TRINOMIAL
3. TRINOMIAL

TRINOMIAL is a polynomial with 3 terms.

if the polynomial is in standard from (terms are arranged in
 

descending order of exponents), the first term is called the

LEADING TERM. The numerical coefficient of the leading
term is called the LEADING COEFFICIENT.

Leading term Leading coefficient

𝟐
𝟓 𝒙 5
 
 DEGREE OF POLYNOMIALS
The degree of a polynomial in a single variable is in the highest
 

exponent of the variable among the terms. For polynomials with

more than one variable, the degree of the polynomials is the
highest sum of the exponents of the variables among terms.
Example 1:

  2
5𝑥 −8 𝑥
   
2
Degree: 2 Degree: 1 Degree: 0
It is in a 2 nd

degree
 DEGREE OF POLYNOMIALS
Example 2:
 
It is in 4th degree

𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝒙 𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝒚
 
𝒙 𝒚
   

     

1
 DEGREE OF POLYNOMIALS
Example 3:
 
It is in 6th degree

Degree: 2+3+1 = 6
 CLASSIFYING ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION
Terms with the same literal coefficients of the same degree
 

are called SIMILAR TERMS, while the terms that have

different coefficients and degree are called DISSIMILAR
TERMS.

Similar terms : 3x and -5x

 
Similar terms : and
Similar terms : 2 and 7