Department Of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : P.UMA MAHESH
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt Polytechnic, Srikakulam
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Construction Practice
Subject Code : C-305
Topic : Classification Buildings & Foundations
Duration : 50 min.
Sub -Topic : Loads to be considered for the
design of foundations
Teaching Aids : PPT
C305.8 1
Objectives:

Upon completion of this period, you would be

able to learn about :

 Different Loads to be considered for the

design of foundation as per IS 875-1987

C305.8 2
Recap:

In the previous class, you have learnt

 Safe & Ultimate Bearing Capacity of soil

 Presumptive values of Bearing capacities of

different soils

C305.8 3
 What is a Load?

Any force or pressure or thrust that is acting on a

structure is known as “LOAD”

C305.8 4
The different types of loads generally coming on
building foundations are

 DEAD LOAD

 LIVE LOAD

 WIND LOAD

 SNOW LOAD

 EARTH QUAKE LOAD

C305.8 5
DEAD LOAD:

It is a permanent, immovable and non-transferable load

on a structure

C305.8 6
It includes

 Weight of building components like walls, floors etc.

 Weight of fixed water tanks on roofs

 Weight of Machinery & equipment

C305.8 7
These loads can be calculated by two ways

1. Weight per unit volume expressed in kg/m3

2. Weights per unit surface area expressed in kg/m2

C305.8 8
Dead loads of some structural items
As per IS 875-1987
S.No Item Weight

01 Cement 1440 kg/m3

02 Bricks 1600 kg/m3

03 Concrete 2400 kg/m3

04 Lime Stone 2560kg/m3A
05 Rubble masonry 2000 kg/m3
06 Steel 7850kg/m3A
07 Cement mortar 2080 kg/m3

08 Dry sand 1700 kg/m3

Table 1 C305.8 9
Dead loads of some structural items
  As per IS 875-1987
S.No Item Weight

01 Terrazo flooring 60 kg/m2

02 Tile Flooring 20 kg/m2

03 Cement Plaster 44 kg/m2

04 Country tiled Roof 80 kg/m2

05 A.C. Sheet roof 34 kg/m2

06 Timber trusses 40 kg/m2

Table 2 C305.8 10
LIVE LOAD:

It is a temporary, movable and transferable load acting

on a structure

C305.8 11
It includes

 Weight of inhabitants
 Weight of furniture
 stored material

C305.8 12
These loads can be calculated by

 Weights per unit surface area

expressed in kg/m2

C305.8 13
 Live loads on floors as per IS 875-1987
S.No Occupancy type UDL

01 Residential Buildings ,Dwelling houses, 2.0 kN/m2

floors of hospitals,Bed rooms in hotels

02 Office floors other than entrance halls 2.0-4.0 kN/m2

Floors of light work rooms

03 Floors of banking halls, entrance halls 3.0 kN/m2

Of offices and other public buildings

04 Work shop floors, ware houses, dancing 5.0 kN/m2

Halls, waiting halls

05 Shop floors 4.0 kN/m2

06 Floors of ware houses, factories and 7.5 kN/m2

Work shops

Table 3 C305.8 14
• The Live loads are assumed to be acting

uniformly over the whole floor area

• These loads do not take into account special

loads like heavy concentrated loads, vibration

effects of machinery.

C305.8 15
Reduction of Live Load:

In case of multistoried buildings, some reduction is

allowed in different floors as it is assumed that all the

floors of a building are not simultaneously loaded

C305.8 16
 No. of floor
Percent reduction of total live
carried by a
load on all floors above the
member under
member under construction
construction

1 0

2 10

3 20

4 30

5 and more 40

Table 4 C305.8 17
No reduction shall, however, be made in the case of ware

houses, garages and other buildings used for the purpose

of storage, factories and workshops designed for 2.0 kN/m2

C305.8 18
WIND LOAD

It is the load exerted by the wind on exposed faces

of walls and inclined roof surfaces.

C305.8 19
Orientation:

For the purpose of design, it is assumed that the wind

load is acting horizontally at a uniform rate on windward

side.

C305.8 20
Effect of Wind:

The effect of wind is to overturn the building. The

effect of this wind pressure is practicably negligible in

the case of low height buildings

C305.8 21
SNOW LOAD

In hilly regions, where there is snow fall and the

snow is deposited on the roofs of buildings, the load due

to snow will have to be considered.

C305.8 22
SNOW LOAD contd..

In the absence of any specific information, the loading due to

the snow may be assumed as 25N/m2 per cm depth of snow

In the case of roofs with slopes greater than 500, snow load

may be disregarded.

C305.8 23
Summary:

We have discussed about

* Different types of loads

* Code provisions as per IS 875-1987
* Their effect on foundation

C305.8 24
QUIZ

C305.8 25
1. The Reduction is allowed with increasing
number of floors in which type of load

a) Dead Load

b) Live Load

c) Wind Load

d) Snow Load

C305.8 26
2. What is the relevant IS code for
Loading standards of buildings?

a) IS 456 – 2000

b) IS 875 – 1987

c) IS 800 – 2004

d) IS 696 - 1976

C305.8 27
Frequently asked questions

1. What are the different types of loads to be

considered in the design of foundations.

C305.8 28
 ASSIGNMENT
1. Briefly explain the different types of loads to be
considered in design of foundations

C305.8 29