Heat Transfer GME221

Presented by
Associate Prof. Dr. Mohamed Saber
Gad
 Forced convection heat transfer
Consider the problem of determining the
hydrodynamic-boundary-layer thickness for flow
over a flat plate. The momentum equation is
shown as:
 EMPIRICAL RELATIONS FOR PIPE
AND TUBE FLOW

The bulk temperature represents energy

average or “mixing cup” conditions. The total
energy added can be expressed in terms of a
bulk-temperature difference
EMPIRICAL RELATIONS FOR PIPE
AND TUBE FLOW
 convection heat transfer in smooth tubes

If wide temperature differences are present in the flow, there may

be an appreciable change in the fluid properties between the wall
of the tube and the central flow. The deviations from the velocity
profile for isothermal flow are a result of the fact that the viscosity
of gases increases with an increase in temperature, while the
viscosities of liquids decrease with an increase in temperature.
convection heat transfer in friction tubes
convection heat transfer in smooth tubes
convection heat transfer in tubes
If the channel through which the fluid flows is
not of circular cross section, it is recommended
that the heat-transfer correlations be based on
the hydraulic diameter DH where A is the cross-
sectional area of the flow and P is the wetted
perimeter.
convection heat transfer in tubes
Solved problems
FLOW ACROSS CYLINDERS AND SPHERES
The heat transfer that may be achieved by a cylinder in cross
flow. The boundary-layer development on the cylinder
determines the heat-transfer characteristics. The pressure
gradient in the analysis because this influences the boundary-
layer velocity profile to an appreciable extent. The pressure
gradient causes a separated flow region to develop on the back
side of the cylinder when the free-stream velocity is sufficiently
large
Average heat-transfer coefficients in cross flow
Cross Flow Over sphere
Thanks