EWC-301

Project Planning and

Construction Management
•PERT-Time
  Estimate:

Expected or average time of completion of activities

enables us to find the critical path.

• Earliest expected time )

•Latest allowable occurrence time. ()
•   Time Estimate
PERT

Earliest Expected time ():

• Time when an event can be expected to occur.

• Sum of activities timing along the activity path leading to that event.

• If more than one activity paths, take the maximum one.

Latest Allowable Occurrence time ():

• Latest time by which an event must occur, to keep the project on

schedule.
•  
Scheduled completion time/contractual obligation time ():
• Whenever a project is taken in hand, decision is made regarding the
completion time of the project and accepted figure is called
scheduled completion time.

• Normally = of final or end event of the project is considered as

•Formulation
  of Earliest Expected time ():

• (successor event)=(predecessor event)

+ (activity duration)

If Only one Predecessor Event:

• =+

If more than one Predecessor Events:

• =
 𝑇  𝑖𝐸 𝑇  𝐸𝑗
i j
  𝑖𝑗𝐸
𝑡

=  Earliest Expected Time for event i.

= Activity duration (timing).
= Earliest Expected Time for event j
   Expected time ():
Formulation of Earliest

  =33.5
  =32.7 𝑻
  𝑬 =𝟑𝟗 . 𝟗
•Formulation
  of Latest Allowable time ():
• (successor event)=(predecessor event)
- (activity duration)

If Only one Predecessor Event:

• =

If more than one Predecessor Events:

• =
PERT – Latest allowable Time
 Formulation of Latest Allowable time ():
 

 
=1.8
  =0

  =21.3   =24
•   network showing earliest expected time () and latest
PERT
allowable occurrence time () .

𝑻
  𝑳 =𝟐𝟑

  =21
  =17   =19

  =11
•   is slack?
What
• Difference between two times ie. () and ( indicates the
range between which the occurrence time of an event
vary.
• Slack may be defined as the difference between the
latest allowable time and the earliest expected time of an
event.
• S= -
Computation of Slack
• Slack for all event, except for event 40, is zero.

• Slack for event 40 is 6 units of time, meaning that even if event 40

occurs 6 units of time late, the scheduled completion date of the
project will not be affected.

• After completion of event 20, event 40 can occur at 8+ (0 to 6)

later.

• Other events do not have any slack time and hence their
occurrences are critical.
What are the information slack gives?

• Slack gives the idea of time to spare.

• Slack means more time to spare, less to worry about.

• Reveals about those areas which have an excess of

resources from which trade-offs can be re-arranged.

• Spots those areas which are potential trouble areas ie

those areas of zero or minimum slack.
PERT Network
• Slack:
  Difference between earliest expected time () and
latest allowable occurrence time (

• Positive slack: Indication of an ahead of scheduled

condition (additional resources).

• Zero Slack: Indication of an scheduled condition

(adequate resources).

• Negative slack: Indication of behind the scheduled

condition (inadequate resources).

Less slack, more critical.

Example (PERT)
Analyze with respect to the resources (time) the network
shown. Values in days.
 PERT Network-CP
Critical path: One which connects the event having zero or
minimum slack times.

• All events along CP are considered critical.

• Any delay in their occurrence will result in delay in the

scheduled completion of the project.

• Longest path time wise, connecting the initial event and

the end event.

• Distinctly marked in the network, usually by thick lines.

 Example
Determine the CP for the PERT network shown:

11.
7
Thanks