INTRODUCTION

What is an Automobile??
• A self-propelled vehicle powered by an IC engine or
Steam engine or Electric motor, used for
transportation of goods and/or passengers.
 Brief History
• Around 1672, Ferdinand Verbiest, a priest from China built the
first steam-powered vehicle as a toy for the Chinese Emperor.
Around 1769, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, Built the first self
propelled (steam-powered) road vehicle (military tractor) for
the French army.
• In 1885, Karl Friedrich Benz from Germany built the first
gasoline automobile powered by an internal combustion
engine.
• In 1888, a German inventor Andreas Flocken presented
Flocken Elektrowagen - the first real electric car of the world.
 Changes over the years..
• Brakes (By Frederick William Lanchester in 1901)
• Aerodynamics
• Automatic Transmission
• Electronic Indicators (1939)
• Air Conditioning (1940)
• Power Steering
• Seat Belts (1956)
• Air Bag (1971)
• Greater use of plastic
• AWD
• ABS
• EFI
• Computer Diagnostics
• GPS
 Indian Automobile Industry
• The first car ran on Indian roads in 1897.
• An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India
in the 1940s. Hindustan was launched in 1942, long
time competitor Premier in 1944.
• Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two
brothers in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A
utility vehicles. Tata Motors also began in 1945.
• The growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and
1960s due to nationalization and the license raj which
hampered the Indian private sector.
• In 1980s, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and Hyundai of South
Korea, were allowed to invest in the Indian market ultimately
leading to the establishment of an automotive industry in
India.
• To promote the auto industry the government started the
Delhi Auto Expo which had its debut showcasing in 1986.
• As India began to liberalize their automobile market in 1991,
a number of foreign firms also initiated joint ventures with
existing Indian companies.
• Today the automotive industry in India is one of the largest
automotive markets in the world.
• The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based
around three clusters in the south, west and north with
revenue share of 35%, 33% and 32% respectively.
 Sigma Ratings
• A sigma rating is a measure of the quality of a
process. A process with a six sigma rating produces
very good quality output.

• The table on next page shows how sigma rating  of

any given process relates to the number of defective
results you would expect to see if the process were to
produce a million outputs.
 Average Defect Occurrence Rate
s rating defects per million opportunities
1.0 697,672
1.5 501,350
2.0 308,770
2.5 158,687
3.0 66,811
3.5 22,750
4.0 6,210
4.5 1,350
5.0 233
5.5 32
6.0 3
 Main Parts of an Automobile
• Chassis
• Suspension and Steering System
• Transmission System
• Braking System
• Fuel Supply System
• Engine
• Electrical and Electronics
THANK YOU