Agro Industrial Waste-based Bacterial

Cellulose, Characteristics, and Its Current

Potential Application

Myrtha Karina
Clean Products and Production Research Group
Research Unit for Clean Technology
Bacterial Cellulose (BC)

Cellulose obtained from the activity

of bacteria in a medium contains of
glucose (as carbon resource)

Bacterial cellulose (Iguchi, 1999) Plant cellulose (Nishiyama, 2002)

 Bacterial cellulose

Non-pathogen, gram negative

 Komagataeibacter
 Achromobacter
 Aerobacter
 Agrobacterium
 Azotobacter
(Mainly as carbon sources)  Pseudomonas, etc
Bacterial cellulose properties
1 Tensile strength 167 MPa (Yudianti, 2008)

2 Young’s Modulus 78 GPa ≂ fiber glass (Guhados, 2005)

3 Density 1.6 g/cm3 (Colvin, 1977)

4 Water content 95-98% (Klemm, 2006)

5 Pure cellulose (100%)

Light, strong, rigid natural material/polymer

Plant-base cellulose components

Rubin, 2008
Cellulose isolation (Pulping)

Selulosa

Pulping
myorganicchemistry.wikispaces.com

methodquarterly.com Lignin

alfa.com biomass-chemistry.com

6
Cellulose isolation (Steam Explosion)

28 kg/cm2, 230oC Selulosa

12 menit

myorganicchemistry.wikispaces.com

s3.amazonaws.com

Lignin
methodquarterly.com

biomass-chemistry.com

7
 Publication on Bacterial Cellulose

6.000

NUMBEROF PUBLICATION
Review Article Research Article 5019
5.000
4192
4.000 3477

3.000
2203 2121
2.000
1244
695 815
1.000

0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2021
YEAR OFPUBLICATION
Science Direct, 2021
 Bacterial cellulose

http://www.cavendishconnects.com/calendar/201
8/5/12/household-hazardous-waste-collections
Brown 2004; Eichhorn et al. 2001; Iguchi et al. 2000; Klemm et al. 2005; Putra et al. 2008; Retegi et al. 2010
 Hestrin-Schramm (HS) Growth Medium

20 g/L 5 g/L 5 g/L

Glucose Peptone Yeast extract

2.7 g/L 15 g/L 20 g/L

Na2HPO4 Agar Citric acid

3-5
pH
https://www.seekpng.com/ima/u2q8a9t4w7w7o0o0/
Residues/by-products/waste from agri-food industry

Abundant Low price (?)

Under-utilized Added value

Waste management Waste solution

 1 Tofu industry

http://news.unair.ac.id/2019/09/30/perlu-desain-ulang-instalasi- https://www.indonesiastudents.com/limbah-tahu-pengertian-
pengolahan-air-limbah-industri-tahu-kota-probolinggo/ kandungan-dan-dampak/

84,000 tofu factories in Indonesia 20 million m3/year of liquid wastes

2 Cassava (flour) and products industry

http://gubukktani.blogspot.com/2011/03/memanfaatkan-
Dawam, 2019 limbah-cair-tapioka.html

Production : 16 million ton/year Liquid waste : 16,000 m3

(FAO, 2018)
 3 Bagasse from sugar production industry
(FAO, 2018)

swasembada.net asosiasigulaindonesia.org

Sugar cane production Bagasse production

27 million ton/year 4,5 million ton/year
 4
Coconut water from coconut production industry
(FAO, 2018)

Bandung, 1 April 1958

novasionline.files.wordpress.com

Coconut production Coconut water

29 million ton/year 16 million m3

15
5 Maize and Products

https://saprotan-utama.com/pupuk-jagung/

Production : 30 million ton/year

(FAO, 2018)
 Fe rme ntatio n Time Yie lds
By pro duc ts /re s idue /was te S train
mo de (day) (g /L)

Cotton-based waste textile G. xylinus ATCC 23770 Static batch 14 10.8

Tofu liquid waste K. xylinus CGMCC 2955 Static batch 15 3.8

Rice-washed water K. xylinus CGMCC 2955 Static batch 15 2.63

Coconut water K. xylinus CGMCC 2955 Static batch 15 2.66

Dry olive mill residue G. s acchari s p. Static batch 4 0.85

Tobacco waste extract A. xylinum ATCC 23767 Static batch 7 5.82

Rice bark A. xylinum ATCC 23769 Static batch 10 2.5

Konjac powder A. ace ti subsp. xylinus ATCC 23770 Static batch 23 2.1

Fruit juices A. xylinum NBRC 13693 Static batch - 5.29

Maple syrup A. xylinum BPR 2001 (ATCC 700178) Agitated batch - 1.05

Wheat straw hydrolysates G. xylinus ATCC 23770 Static batch 7 8.03

Glycerol from biodiesel production G. xylinus NRRL B-42 Static batch - 10

Waste beer yeast hydrolysates G. hans e nii CGMCC 3917 Static batch 14 7

Pineapple waste and sugar cane juice G. m e de lline ns is Static batch 7 4

Thin stillage from rice wine distillery G. xylinus BCRC 12334 Static batch 7 10.04
 Fe rme ntatio n Time Yie lds
By pro duc ts /re s idue /was te S train
mo de (day) (g /L)

Spruce hydrolysates G. xylinus ATCC 23770 Static batch - 8.2

Orange juice A. xylinum Static batch - 6.9

Musk Melon G. pe rs im m onis GH-2 Static batch - 8.8

Cheese whey G. s ucrofe rm e ntans B-11267 Static batch 3 5.45

Citrus peel & pomace enzymolysis K. xylinus CICC No. 10529 Static batch 8 5.07

Coffee cherry husk G. hans e nii UAC09 Static batch 14 6.24

Cashew tree exudate K. rhae ticus Static batch 7 2.08

Corn stalk A. xylinum , ATCC 23767 Static batch 7 2.86

Potato peel G. xylinum ATCC 10245 Static batch 6 4.7

Carob & haricot bean extract G. xylinus ATCC 700178 Static batch 9 3.02

Vegetable oil K. xylinus DSM 46602 Static batch 7 7

Litchi extract G. xylinus CH001 Static batch 14 2.05

Beer fermentation broth waste G. hans e nii PJK Static batch 14 4.05

Sugar cane molasses K. rhae ticus Static batch 5 2.06

50 L spherical
type bubble
Saccharified food wastes A. xylinum KJ1 3d 5.6
column
bioreactor
 Bamboo (Xie, 2015) Coconut water (Karina, 2012)
Morphology

HS Medium (Srikandace, 2021)

Rice-washed water Tofu liquid waste

(Srikandace, 2021) (Srikandace, 2021)
 Thermal
property

Srikandace, 2021
XR-Diffractogram

Srikandace, 2021
Functional groups

Srikandace, 2021
Application

Accustic diaphragm for speaker Edible packaging

Indrarti, 2001 Indrarti, 2011

 a b

(a) SEM of native BC and (b) transparent film Mechanical property of native BC (a)
and) transparent film (b)
Yudianti, 2016
 Application

Anti-bacterial edible packaging for

(1) mangosteen peel powder,
(2) vitamin C,
(3) essential oils
Srikandace, 2019
Application

Edible nata de coco film/sachet Nata de coco film/sachet for

for commercial ginger powder various products packaging
packaging

Andriani, 2020
Application

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Purwidyantri, 2020
Application

Wet bacterial Dry bacterial Fashion

cellulose cellulose product

Provin, 2021
Application

Foldable battery

Zhao, 2020
Application

3D Printing
Schaffner, 2017
Application


 


Mat. Scie. Eng. 2021
Clean technology concept of bacterial cellulose production

HS Medium Waste/by products/residue

utilization

Glacial acetic Fermented

acid natural mat.

Sodium Boiling water

hydroxide
Purification

(Iguchi, 2000) Sodium hydroxide Boiling water

(Karina, 2012) (Srikandace, 2021)
 Opportunity and Challenge

Alternative material Heterogeneous

to subsidize resources
petroleum-based
materials

Clean technology Living organism

using natural involvement
resources
 Our Team

Myrtha Karina Sri Priatni Indriyati Yoice S

Agnes Purwidyantri Dian Andriani Arina Y. Apriliana

Thank You