Thermal Power Plant

SUBJECT :- PLC and Automation

GROUP MEMBERS ROLL NO.

1. TUSHAR BORSE 37
2. HITESH CHITTE 45
3. AKASH GAIKWAD 51
4. SIDDHANT JOSHI 57
5. MOHIT KIRVE 59
6. RUSHIKESH SUKASE 70
 CONTENTS
• Operation Mechanism
• Introduction
• Stages
• Constituents Of KSTPS
• Coal Handling Plant
• Water Handling Plant
• Water Cycle
• Boiler
• Turbines
• Generator
• Ash Handling Plant
• Electrostatic Precipitator
• Switchyard
• Control Room
 A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into
electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water
into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces
mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the
turbine. Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the
generation of Power for any country.
 Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed
captive and non-captive power generation in India.
 In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are
employed as primary sources of energy.
 OPERATION MECHANISM
 The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to Boiler for producing
heat In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
 In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the steam and that steam is
called super heated steam
 The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressure turbine
 The Exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam then rotates the
Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine.
 The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure turbine.
 INTRODUCTIO
N
KOTA THERMAL POWER PLANT :-

LOCATIO LAN COA WATER

N D L
Coal India ltd s upply
Ideally on the left Land measuring coal from its coal The sou rce of wate r
Bank of Chambal at up approx 2 5 0 produc ing for power station
stream of kota barrage hectare was Subs idiaries is reservoir formed by
required for the BCCL,SECL.ECL Kota Barrage
project Through railways On the Chambal
in 1 976. wagons . river.
 STAGES
KSTPS is designed in 5 s tages

Stage - 1 Stage - 2 Stage-3 Stage-5

2 * 2 10 Stage - 4
2 * 110 MW 1* 2 10 MW 1 ( 1 95 1* 195 MW
MW
MW

Net power gene ration = 1 240

MW
 CONSTITUTES OF KSTPS
Coal handling plant
D-M Wate r plant
Boiler
Tur bine
Generator
Ash Handling plant
Switch Yard
COAL HANDLING PLANT
 WATER HANDLING PLANT
Water in a Power Plant is used for
. Production of Steam- for rotating turbine.
. Cooling Purpose- For cooling of various equipment .
Water is recycled and used for various purpose:-Principal problem in HP Boiler is
corrosion are
steam impurities these impurities form deposit over turbine blades.
 WATER CYCLE Reservoir

Clarification

DMC
WP PHE

2 5D 35D
Hot water

Cool water
BOILER
-The Boiler are capacity steam generators used purely for the steam
power generation.

-In boiler heat energy is released from the combustion of fossil fuel and
heat is transferred to different fluids In the system .

-The various heat transfer section in boilers :-

1. Furnace
2. Super heater & Reheater
3. Economizer

-Technical Specifications :-

Type - Tangentially fired natural circulation

Steam Temperature - 540 deg.
Efficiency - 86.6%
TURBINES
 GENERATOR
The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connecting the shaft of the Turbine to the shaft of the
generator which cuts the magnetic flux producing Emf.
The Generated Voltage will generally llKV to 20 KV max.
The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transformer and is transmitted and is also used for
Auxiliary purposes.

UAT
20Kv to 6.KV

-
Bus Duct
=====I
D D I Generator
Transformer
20KV to 400KV

Unit Auxil iary Transformer: This transformer is used to step down the produced voltage and use for Auxil
iary purpose.

Syncronization- Bring speed of 3000rpm ,voltage is slowly built up.

1)Voltage 2)frequency 3)phase
displacement 4)Waveform 5) phase sequence
 ASH HANDLING PLANT
The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms: \ \ ( Flue
1. Bottom Ash(Slurry}:It's a waste which is dumped into a Ash Pond Gases
2. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro static
Precipitator).
Economizer : Reduces the
temperature

Fly Ash
& Flue

..
Gases Flue Gases

Bottom I
ash(wet ash) +

Cement
Factory
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
• Air pollution preventing equipment.

•It is used to extract suspended particles from flue gases.

 SWITCHYARD
TWO 220 kv bus bar have been provided in switchyard and are inter
connected through A bus coupler.

It consits of several parts :-

o Bus bar
oCircuit breaker
oCurrent Transformer (C.T.)
oLightning Arresters
oPotential Transformr (P.T.)
oIsolator
ISOLATOR IN CLOSED CONDITION:-

Whenever maintanace or repaire work is to be carried out on equipment

in swi hyard it is disconnected from suppy isolation

ISOLATOR IN OPEN CONDITION:-

CURRENT TRANSFORMER :-
The Current Transformer is used to measure the current in power line.

STOCKBRIDGE DAMPER :-
-Dampers are used to prevent the vibration in power line.
-It converts the vibrational energy into relative motion of dampers.
CONTROL ROOM
 REFERENCE

 https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/169/thermal-
power-plant-description
THANK YOU