Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CH 3 Sustainable Energy Cengage
CH 3 Sustainable Energy Cengage
Fossil Fuel
Resources and Use
1
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Learning Objectives
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Fossil fuels
• Oil
• Natural gas
• Coal
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Oil
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Oil production
Oil first used as a fuel in mid-1800s
Early production in Pennsylvania and Ontario
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Current oil production methods
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Refining
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Alkanes
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Refinery process
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Natural gas
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Coal
Ranks of coal
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Note that the peak occurs around 2060 and that the curve is
much wider than for oil
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
• Primary oil recovery - oil flows from well under its own
pressure (about 10 - 15% of oil recovered)
Fracking
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Shale oil
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Estonia is the only major shale oil user and extracts the
majority of its energy from this source
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Water supply
Environmental consequences
Cost
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Tar sands
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Coal liquefaction
Coal gas and liquid fuels produced from coal have not been
shown to be economically viable and produce more
greenhouse gas emissions than conventional petroleum
products.
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44
Sustainable Energy Dunlap
Summary
• Fossil fuels are categorized as oil, natural gas and coal
• All fossil fuels are produced under extreme pressure by the
decomposition of ancient organic matter
• Crude oil can be refined to yield a variety of products
• Natural gas is about 85% methane and 15% ethane
• Coal has different ranks depending on formation conditions
• Worldwide oil production is approaching the peak in the
Hubbert model, in the U.S. it has passed the peak
• Coal has a greater longevity than other fossil fuels
• Enhanced recovery technologies may extend the lifetime of
oil
• Shale oil is a plentiful resource but is not viable at this time
• Extra heavy oil and tar sands have been utilized for a
number of years
• Coal may be gasified or liquefied to produce a
transportation fuel
©2019 Cengage Learning ®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 45