MANAGERIAL AND

STATISTICAL
QUESTIONS

VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE STATISTICS CITED

HERE ARE GLEANED FROM STUDIES OR
SURVEYS
1. Suppose a study of laundry usage is done in 50 U.S. households
that contain washers and dryers. Water measurements are taken for
the number of gallons of water used by each washing machine in
completing a cycle. The following data are the number of gallons used
by each washing machine during the washing cycle. Summarize the
data so that study findings can be reported.

15 17 16 15 16 17 18 15 14 15

16 16 17 16 15 15 17 14 15 16

16 17 14 15 12 15 16 14 14 16

15 13 16 17 17 15 16 16 16 14

17 16 17 14 16 13 16 15 16 15
SOLUTION- Minimum Number- 12
Maximum Number- 18
Arrange the data in Ascending Order:-

12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18
 CALCULATION OF MEDIAN:-
Me= {n/2}th + {n+1/2} = n = 50/2 = 25th item = 16+16/2= 16
MEDIAN = 16
CALCULATION OF QUARTILE 1:-
Q1= {n+1/4} = {50+1} = 12.75 = 12th item + 3/4(13th-12th)
15 + 3/4(15-15) = 15
QUARTILE 1 = 15
CALCULATION OF QUARTILE 3:-
Q3= 3{n+1/4} = 12.75*3 = 38.25th = 38th + 1/4(39-38)
16 + 1/4 (1) = 16
QUARTILE 3 = 16
TOPICS COVERED UNDER THIS CASE

● Median
● Q1
● Q3
● Standard Deviation
● Range
 MEDIAN
● Median is the central value of the variable that divide the series into two equal parts
in such a way that half of the items lie above the value and the remaining half lie
below this value. Median is defined as the value of the middle item (or the mean of
the values of the two middle items) when the data are arranged in an ascending or
descending order of magnitude.

MEDIAN OF UNGROUPED DATA

● In an ungrouped frequency distribution if the n values are arranged in ascending or

descending order of magnitude, the median is the middle value if n is odd.
● When n is even, the median is the mean of the two middle values.
 QUARTILES
The values of a variate that divide the series or the distribution into four equal parts are known as
quartiles. To solve the question we have used Q1, Q3.

• The first quartile (Q1) : - it is known as a lower quartile, is the value of a variate below which there are
25% of the observation and above which there are 75 % of the observations.

• The Third quartile (Q3) : - it is known as an upper quartile, is the value f a variate below which there
are 75% of the observations and above which there are 25 % of the observations.

Q1 = Size of N + 1 th item
4
Q3 = Size of 3(N + 1)th item
4
 STANDARD DEVIATION
● While calculating SD we take deviations of individual observations from
their AM and then each squares. The sum of the squares is divided by the
Total number of observations. The square root of this sum is knows as
standard deviation.
● Standard Deviation is the positive square root of the average of squared
deviation taken from arithmetic mean.
● The standard deviation is represented by the Greek letter a (sigma).
 RANGE
● In statistics, the range of a set of data is the difference between the largest and
smallest values.
● Difference here is specific, the range of a set of data is the result of subtracting the
sample maximum and minimum.