French

1st Internal Assignment MONUMENTS

MONUMENTS

FRENCH CULTURE

MONUMENTS
Name: N. Sai Srijan
Division: C
PRN: 20010126246
Batch: B.B.A; L.L.B. (Hons.)
REFERENCES
ABOUT FRANCE
 France, officially known as the French Republic, is a country in Western Europe. France shares borders with eight
countries - Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, Andorra. It is the largest country in the
European Union with an area of 632,734 km² and is also known as the Hexagon.
Prime minister: Jean Castex
Capital: Paris
Population: 65,404,000 – Estimated in 2021
Currency: Euro
President: Emmanuel Macron
National Motto: Liberté, égalitié, fraternité, meaning Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
National Song: La Marseillaise
National Animal: Le Coq Gaulois (The Gallic Rooster)
ABOUT FRANCE National Flag: Le Drapeau Tricolore (Tricolor Flag) – Bleu, Blanc, et Rouge (Blue, White and Red)
Independence Day/National Holiday: Le 14 Julliet (14th July) – Bastille Day

Interesting Facts about France:

1. France is the most-visited country in the world.
2. France has the largest museum in the world – The
Louvre Museum
3. France has more than 1,500 varieties of cheese
including the famous Camembert, Gruyère, Brie,
Roquefort, and Fromage.
4. Supermarkets in France are not allowed to throw
food which is near to the best before date. Instead
the food must be donated to charities as per the law
passed in 2016.
5. The world famous French cycling race – Tour de
France – is more than 100 years old running since National Flag
1903.
National Animal
Map of France
FRENCH CULTURE
French Culture, is often associated with its Capital, Paris, also known as ‘la Ville Lumière’ or the City of Lights. Paris has been influential in French Cheeses
worldwide ‘high culture’ – ‘haute couture’ including fashion, cuisine (gastronomy), art, and architecture.
Historically, Celtic and Gallo-Roman civilizations, as well as the Frank, a German group, impacted French culture. France was originally
classified as the Rhineland region of Germany, but it subsequently evolved to relate to a region known as Gaul throughout the Iron Age and
Roman periods.
French is the official language and the first tongue of 88 percent of the people. It is the primary language of the nation's 70 million
inhabitants, but there are several regional variations. According to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development,
French is the world's second most studied foreign language, with over 120 million pupils.
France's main religion is Catholicism. According to the French Institute of Public Opinion (IFOP), 64% of the total population (about 41.6
million individuals) identified as Roman Catholics in a poll. Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism are among the various faiths practiced in France. Paris Fashion Week

Many people equate French cuisine with rich sauces and complex preparation. Entre autres, boeuf bourguignon (stew of beef cooked in red
wine and beef broth with garlic and onions) and coq au vin (chicken stewed in Burgundy wine with lardons, button mushrooms, onions and
optional garlic) are traditional French meals. France also has a wide variety of cheeses.
In France, football (French: Le Foot) is by far the most popular sport. Club rugby, cycling, tennis, handball, basketball, and sailing are all
prominent sports in France. France is known for hosting and winning the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and 2018 respectively, as well as hosting
the Annual Tour de France cycle event and the French Open tennis Grand Slam tournament.
Tour de France
Gothic, Romanesque, Rococo, and Neoclassical art and architectural influences may be found in numerous churches and other public
structures in France, especially in Paris and other large towns.
The French are very proud of their country and government and are often upset by unfavorable remarks about it. Visitors, especially
Americans, often misinterpret their behaviour toward foreigners as rudeness.

France winning the

2018 FIFA World Cup
MONUMENTS
Arc de Triomphe
This renowned monument is at the west side of the Champs-Élysées, in the heart of Place Charles de Gaulle,
previously known as Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or "star" created by its twelve radiating roads.  The Arc de
Triomphe commemorates all French triumphs and generals from the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
on its inner and exterior surfaces. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from WWI is under its vault.

Picture taken of Arc de Triomphe

Notre Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame de Paris, is the most renowned Gothic cathedral in the world, notable for its
size, age, and architectural appeal. It is a mediaeval Catholic cathedral on Paris's Île de la
Cité. The cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is a masterpiece of French Gothic
architecture. On April 15, 2019, around 18:20 CEST, a fire broke out under the roof of
Notre-Dame de Paris. By the time the fire was put out, the building's spire had fallen,
and much of its roof and top walls had been destroyed. The stone vaulted ceiling
sheltered the flaming roof as it fell, preventing extensive internal damage. Others were
harmed by smoke, and some of the outside art was damaged or destroyed. The cathedral
will be rebuilt by 2024, according to French President Emmanuel Macron.

Arc de Triomphe Visit Picture taken of Notre Dame Cathedral

 MONUMENTS
Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower  was planned and constructed by
Gustave Eiffel. Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer", or the iron lady, It was built
from 1887 to 1889 as the entry to the 1889 World's Fair and was originally criticised
by some of France's greatest artists and thinkers, but it has become a worldwide
cultural symbol of France and one of the most recognised buildings in the world. The
Eiffel Tower is the world's most visited paid-entrance landmark, with 6.91 million
visitors in 2015.Taller than an 81-story skyscraper, the tower is 324 metres (1,063
feet) tall. It has a 125 m (410 ft) square base.

Luxor Obelisks
Picture taken of Eiffel Tower

Luxor Obelisks
The Luxor Obelisks are a pair of Ancient Egyptian obelisks sculpted to stand on each side of the Luxor
Temple's entrance. The left obelisk remains in Egypt, while the right one is currently in the heart of Paris'
Place de la Concorde. The Luxor Obelisk in Paris was declared a Monument historique in 1936, as was
the Concorde Métro station. The syenite obelisks have hieroglyphs in commemoration of Pharaoh
Ramesses II. The 3,000-year-old obelisks used to stand outside Luxor Temple. King Louis-Phillipe
relocated the Parisian obelisk to the middle of Place de la Concorde on 25 October 1836, three years after
it arrived from Luxor through Alexandria and Cherbourg. Muhammad Ali Pasha, Ottoman Egypt's ruler,
gave it to France for a French mechanical clock. The mechanical clock given in return for the Obelisk
was found to be defective, perhaps due to damage during transit. The clock still remains in the Cairo
Citadel clocktower and is broken. In 2021, the Supreme Council of Antiquities said that "Egypt seeks to
restore the citadel clock, one of the oldest in the world."
Eiffel Tower level 2 visit Visit to Luxor Obelisks
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Louvre Museum
The Louvre, or Musée du Louvre, is the world's second-largest art museum and a historic landmark in Paris,
France. It is situated on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (district or ward). On 72,735 square
metres, 38,000 artefacts from prehistory to the 21st century are shown (782,910 square feet). This year's attendance
dropped by 72 percent to 2.7 million because to the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2020, the Louvre remained the
world's most visited art museum. The Louvre's collection contains Egyptian antiquities, Greek and Roman
sculptures, Old Master paintings (important European painters before 1800), and royal crown jewels and other
items. Its works date from the 6th through the 19th centuries. Currently, over 35,000 pieces are on exhibit. If one
takes 30 secs for each exhibit, it will take 100 days to finish touring the museum!

Louvre Museum
Sacré-Cœur Basilica
The Sacré-Cur Basilica, or Basilique du Sacré-Cur, is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica in Paris,
France, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.Situated on the city's highest point, Sacré-Cur Basilica. It is
Paris's second-most-visited landmark. Since 1885, the Holy Eucharist has been adored continuously in Sacré-
Cur Basilica. Paul Abadie created the basilica. It was built between 1875 and 1914. The basilica was dedicated
in 1919, after the conclusion of WWI.For the loss of France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the
socialist Paris Commune of 1871, it is a political and cultural monument. Paris Commune In 1871, Sacré-Cur
Basilica was constructed in a historic area.

Sacré-Cœur Basilica
REFERENCES
• https://theplanetd.com/fun-facts-about-france/
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/garivalden/48686871798
• https://www.livescience.com/39149-french-culture.html
• https://in.pinterest.com/pin/306807793335409007/
• https://www.dw.com/en/tour-de-france-2021-emerging-from-the-pandemic/a-58013909
• https://www.louvre.fr/en
• https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/top-10-fun-facts-about-the-sacre-coeur/
• https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/09/14/world/europe/notre-dame-fire-lead.html
• https://www.parisdigest.com/paris/monuments.htm