Project on Statistics

Jared Gordon
5/11/11
1st Pd
History of statistics
• scholars pinpoint the origin of statistics to 1663.
• Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the
needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic
data.
• The scope of the discipline of statistics broadened in the early
19th century to include the collection and analysis of data in
general.
•
Founders of statistics
• John Graunt
• Thomas Bayes
• Pierre-Simon Laplace
• William Playfair
• Carl Friedrich Gauss
Definition
• The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical
data in large quantities.
Types of Statistics….
• Descriptive statistics: numerical data that describe phenomena
(numerical facts, figures, or information).
• Numerical statistics: numbers, but clearly, some numbers are
more meaningful than others (Mean, Mode, Median, Range,
etc.).
• Pictorial statistics: Taking numerical data and presenting it in
pictures or graphs.

Statistical Graphs
• Pictograph: uses an icon to represent a quantity of data values
in order to decrease the size of the graph. A key must be used
to explain the icon.
• Line plot: A line plot can be used as an initial record of discrete
data values. The range determines a number line which is
then plotted with X's for each data value.
• Pie chart: displays data as a percentage of the whole. Each pie
section should have a label and percentage. A total data
number should be included.
• Bar graph: displays discrete data in separate columns. A double
bar graph can be used to compare two data sets. Categories
are considered unordered and can be rearranged
alphabetically, by size, etc.
• Line graph: plots continuous data as points and then joins them
with a line. Multiple data sets can be graphed together, but a
key must be used.
• Stem and Leaf Plot: record data values in rows, and can easily be
made into a histogram. Large data sets can be accommodated
by splitting stems.
Statistical Graphs Cont.

Line Graph Pie

Graph

Histogram Pictogra
ph
Daily Life
• Statistics are everywhere, election predictions are statistics,
anything food product that says they x% more or less of a
certain ingredient is a statistic. Life expectancy is a statistic. If
you play card games card counting is using statistics. There
are tons of statistics everywhere you look.
Statistical Websites
• Journal of Statistics Education Information Service
• JAVA Applets
• Statistical Instruction Internet Palette (SIIP)
•
Opinion
• In my opinion, I think that statistics is the key backbone to not
only the mathematical world, but our real world as well.
Statistics are everywhere; how many times you open a door in
a day, how many times you blink in a minute. All of these
scenarios are a part of our everyday living.