Prelim

D-WATCH 322 Capt. Week

1
Ronel
Deck Watchkeeping w/ Bridge io I. T
isoy
Resource Management
• MODULE 1: Explain the operational procedures of
steering control systems and the selection of the
mode of steering suitable for the prevailing
weather, sea and traffic conditions and intended
maneuvers
Topic:
• Steering Control System
Learning Outcome ( LO ):
After completing this subject, the cadet will be able to:
Illustrate the steering control system and its parts.
Steering Gear System has been the part of
ships ever since its existence. One of the first
steering systems was the pair of oars used to
propel and steer the ship.
With the advance in technology, the system
evolved from oars blade to rudder and shanks
to rudder stock & tiller facilitating turning
moment.
Indeed rudder is the essential part of steering
assembly, but the rudder action is facilitated
through another complex system onboard
called “Steering Gear System”. 
• A steering gear system provides movement to the rudder
in response to the signal from the bridge.
• Before getting into the construction and working of the
steering gear system; We must look into the regulations
regarding steering gear systems onboard ships.
Regulation for Steering Gear System:
• Each ship must be equipped with the main and
auxiliary steering systems.
• The arrangement for both system should be such; that
failure of one should not adversely affect the other.
• A relief valve must be installed on any part of the
hydraulic steering system.
• Rudder stock and steering gear should be
sufficiently strong and capable of steering at the
maximum speed.
• The rudder stock and steering gear must be
capable of moving the rudder from 35o port to
35o starboard under the deepest draft and
maximum speed.
• They must also move the rudder from 35o on one
side to 30o on another in not more than 28 sec.
• The rudder stock and steering gear must be
capable of steering at maximum astern speed.
• The auxiliary steering system should have
sufficient strength to efficiently steer the ship at
normal sea speed under emergency condition.
• The auxiliary steering system must be suitable to place the
rudder from one side to another (15o to 15o ) in not more
than 60 sec.
• For each Oil, Gas, and chemical tanker of more than
10,000 gross tonnages; the main steering gear system
should have two or more similar power units.
Types of Steering System
• Electric: Example is Ward-Leonard system (We will
not discuss; 
• Hydraulic: Example is two and four ram system. (We
will discuss in detail)
Parts of Steering Gear System
Steering System can be classified into three major parts, which
are:
1. Control Unit: It conveys the desired rudder angle from bridge
to steering flat. Then it activates the power unit and
transmission system in the steering room.
• Ex: Hydraulic Tele-motor system.
2. Power Unit: After receiving the signal for a designed
rudder angle from the control unit; It generates force
with immediate effect to move the rudder to a
certain angle.
3. Transmission to the rudder stock: It is the means by
which the movement of the rudder is accomplished.
Hydraulic Telemotor System
•The modern tele-motor system works on
the principle of master and slave. It
constitutes of two main unit’s
“Transmitter” and “Receiver”. 
The transmitter is situated on the bridge and
converts the mechanical movement of the
steering wheel at the helm to the hydraulic force.
It is then transduce back by the receiver at the
steering gear unit.
Hydraulic Transmitter
•When the steering wheel at the helm is
rotated (say: Starboard), then the rotating
piston moves along the right causing the
right-hand ram to move down.
It generates pressure on the hydraulic oil pushing
it into the receiver unit through right side pipes
to the receiver. The movement of the pinion to
the right also raises the left-hand ram, allowing
the oil to return from the receiver unit.
The fluid being virtually in-compressible,
any downward movement of the Right
Ram produces an identical movement at
the receiver unit.
This leads to the movement of cylinder at
receiver end; displacing equal amount of
hydraulic oil back to the telemotor transmitter.
This is taken up by the space created by the
upward movement of the left-hand ram.
The housing is generally made up of gun
metal with copper pipes and brass rams. In
the system, a device (indicated as a bypass
valve) is required to allow variations in the
oil volume  due to temperature changes.
Hydraulic Receiver
•As in the above condition where the steering
wheel at helm (bridge) is moved to starboard.
Which pushes the ram on the right to down,
generating hydraulic pressure on the telemotor
receiver.
The telemotor receiver consists of a
receiver cylinder in the steering flat with a
moving cylinder attached to the hunting
gear.
The pressure generated by the telemotor
transmitter generate force on the cylinder of
telemotor receiver to move. Which in turn
changes the position of hunting gear; changing
the delivery of the pump (Control Unit).
Telemotor charging system
•Special arrangements are made for charging
the hydraulic telemotor system. This is done
to make sure there is constant head of oil in
the tank to avoid air in the system.
For charging, pump the oil until a clear
discharge occur at C. Then we have to
open valve C,D,E & F. Then we open the air
cocks and continue pumping till we get a
discharge at D.
Typically a spring-loaded valve is provided
on the return line to prevent any back-flow
in the charging system. The steering wheel
is positioned centrally, then bypass and
charging v / v are opened.
Pump until all the air in the telemotor
system is removed. Now close the air
cocks. Close charging and bypass v/v’s and
open charging shut off valves. The gear is
now ready for leak testing.
Power Unit
•A pump,motor, or engine used as a prime mover
to change the position of rudder. Generally
variables displacement pumps are used to supply
the oil / any other working fluid to the steering
system connected to rudder.
Theses pumps are used in steering system
as they are well suited for applications
that require continues change in fluid flow.
It works on the principle of changing the pump
stroke to change the output with parts such
as floating ring and swash plate. The flow
direction depends upon the location of
floating ring; either left or right of the center.
•These pumps can be easily classified into
two major types:
•Hele-Shaw pumps (Radical Piston)
•Axial piston pumps. (VSG Pumps)
•Hele-shaw pump comes under variable
displacement pump
•This pump is connected to a motor for
rotation of the shaft at a constant speed to
which Cylinders are connected.
The Floating ring is actuated/Moved by
mechanical linkage (Such as Hunting gear) and
this movement cause eccentricity of the
concentric Floating ring and piston(Cylinders). So,
now the Suction and discharge occur as the pump
rotate in the eccentric state.
VSG Pump
•VSG pump are the advanced type of variable
displacement pump with the axial piston
arrangement which works on the principle that “A
reciprocating piston draws in liquid during
retraction and discharge while it extends”.
•It consists of the following main parts
Casing, Cylinder block, Piston, Drive shaft,
Swash plate, Adjusting valve, and  Inlet &
Outlet ports.
Types of Steering Gear
Depending upon the torque needs; there can be
one of two types of steering gear on board ship:-
•Ram Type ( 2 Ram vs 4 Ram )
•Rotary vane type.
•Ram Type
•One of the most common steering gear
system used on ship; Ram type steering
gears contain hydraulic cylinders attached
to discs connected to the hydraulic pumps.
This can either have a cross-head arrangement with
forked / Rounded arm’s tiller to convert ram
moments to angular tiller moment; or incorporates
a Rapson slide actuator where the cross-head is
free to slide along the circular arm’s of the tiller.
•Two Ram Hydraulic Steering system
•The Two rams hydraulic steering mechanism
consists of two cylinders, a pump and a motor as
it is shown in the previous figure. The pump has a
unidirectional variable displacement, constant
speed flow.
Safematic design of steering system
•As per Solas requirement, All tankers of
more than 10,000 GRT and all other
70,000 GRT vessels should have a
safematic steering system.
Rotary Vane Design:
•Rotary vane steering gear system works on a
similar principle as of the two and four ram
steering systems. The only difference is that
instead of rams, here we have different chambers
build by housing and vanes.
When chamber A and D are pressurized;
A&D is connected to the discharge side of
the pump with B&C connected to the
suction side. This turns the rudder to the
anticlockwise direction.
After The Steering Gear System Lets see at
the Bridge What is “Steering Control Panel
System” also known as the Autopilot
System
Control Panel
This section describes the FAP-2000's
control panel.
1-6: Steering mode selection

1. PROGRAM TRACK: Program

Track-controlled heading change
using set radius. Also for steering
with selected TT models.
1-6: Steering mode selection

2. GOTO TRACK: Track-

controlled route steering
1-6: Steering mode selection

3. GOTO WPT: Course-

controlled route steering
 1-6: Steering mode selection

4. HEADING CONTROL:
Immediate heading-controlled
course change using set rudder
angle limit
 1-6: Steering mode selection

5. RADIUS CONTROL:
Immediate radius-controlled
course change using set radius
 1-6: Steering mode selection

6. PROGRAM HEADING
CHANGE: Program heading-
controlled course change using
set radius
7. Loading condition indicator:
Loading conditions, Light,
Medium or Loaded
8. : Performance indicator:
Performance status, Economy,
Medium or Precise
9. Status indicator: Shows selected
mode and state of readiness:
• FAP-2000 in operation: READY
• FAP-2000 control mode:
HEADING/TRACK
• FAP-2000 route steering: ROUTE
• FAP-2000 track-controlled turn:
TURN
10. : Alert indicator and buzzer cancel
• ALERT lamp for other FAP-2000-
related alerts and errors.
• RESET button for acknowledging
other FAP-2000-related alerts and
errors.
11. Special function keypads
• Manually input speed.
• Adjust panel dimmer.
• Set manual speed value, auto speed,
rudder limit function, performance
and conditions.
11. Special function keypads
• Manually input speed.
• Adjust panel dimmer.
• Set manual speed value, auto speed,
rudder limit function, performance
and conditions.
12. Tiller
• Set course and radius.
• PORT and STBD lamps
show when the tiller can be
used to set course.
• INCREASE. and
DECREASE. lamps show
when the tiller can be used to
set a radius or a rudder angle
limit.
13: Gyro reading and a bar
graph showing rate of turn
14. Set Heading display
includes:
• Off course alert
• Turn side
• Rudder-on limit indication
15: Rudder displays:
• Radius set-point in the
Radius Control mode
• Rudder limit in the Heading
Control mode
• AUTO LIMIT lamp lights to
indicate selection of automatic
rudder limit function.
16: Speed displays:
• ROT in the Radius Control
mode
• Speed in the Heading
Control mode
• Speed warning indicator
(LOG FAILURE or LOW)
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Autopilot
The automatic steering of the vessel using this system is performed using three methods:
There is AUTO mode which is the primary mode where the desired heading is
maintained from data that is input from the gyrocompass and the helmsman input.
The NAV mode performs automatic heading keeping using inputs from an external
management system to steer the vessel to pre-determined waypoints.
Finally, the TRACK mode uses inputs from an external navigator. These inputs are
corrected for cross-track error by the autopilot to steer the vessel to a waypoint over a
designated ground track. To operate effectively the autopilot only requires the following
inputs; positional data, rate of change of course data and cumulative build-up of error
data.
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Principle of Autopilot
Autopilot is an automatic device for steering a vessel maintaining its heading in an
intended direction. Anyone can appreciate the advantages of the autopilot – being
free to carry out navigational checks, trim adjustments or simply to relax and enjoy. 
The autopilot utilizes a proportional rate system to steer the boat. The proportional
rate system is similar to the highly accurate and reliable system used on aircraft,
missiles and space vehicles. The proportional rate autopilot provides the necessary
course correction to the steering gears in proportion to the speed and amount the
boat moves off course.  
With the removal of the dead band, the autopilot no longer wanders within a dead
band but now steers a prescribed course, taking action within the presence of even
a minute course error. The amount of action depends on the course error detected;
that is, when the course error rate is small a very low helm correction rate is applied.
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Principle of Operation
In the AUTO modes, the heading information from an associated sensor is continuously
compared with the set course (in the NAV mode, the course to the waypoint set on the
plotter connected). With the boat on course, the two signals are equal.
If the boat goes off course, the difference between the primary heading and the set course
will change proportionally and there will be an imbalance at the comparator, whose output
will move up or down depending on whether the course error is to the left or right of the set
course. 
The rudder continues to move until a balanced condition is obtained at the comparator, at
which point the drive switches off.
To set the rudder when the boat is off-course, the rudder signal is generated at the rudder
reference unit, then delivered the processor unit.
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Operating Controls
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Turning On/Off
Press the [POWER/BRILL] key to turn the unit on before leaving the port, because
several minutes are necessary to allow for stabilization of the heading data from
the heading sensor. A beep sounds and the equipment proceeds in the sequence
shown below, displaying product information and startup test results. The startup
test checks the ROM, RAM, backed up data and communication between the
control unit and processor unit for proper operation. Also it checks the inputs of
heading signal and rudder angle signal for the processor unit. If NG appears an
appropriate message appears on the screen. For any NG, try to press any key to go
to the next screen. However, the equipment may not work properly. Contact your
dealer for advice.
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Startup sequence 
After the startup test is completed, “STBY” appears on the screen. This means the
equipment may now be operated manually.
Note 1: The first time you turn on the power, you are asked if you want to start
the simulation mode, which provides simulated operation of the equipment.
Push the [ENTER] knob to start the simulation mode, or any key to escape. If you
pressed a key except the [ENTER] knob, you are asked if you want to set the
installation menu. Press the [ENTER] knob to go to the installation menu, or any
key to go to STBY. For details about the installation menu, contact your dealer.
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Note 2: When the Integrated Heading Sensor PG-500 is connected,

press the [POWER/BRILL] key four minutes before leaving the port to
use the AUTO mode which needs stabilized bearing data.
Turning the power off

Press and hold down the [POWER/BRILL] key until the screen goes
blank. The time remaining until the power is turned off is shown on the
screen.
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Adaptive Automatic Pilot
An autopilot automatically adjusts the sensitivity of a ship's steering system to
accommodate changes in speed as well as sea and wind conditions. The autopilot utilizes
heading error, speed and speed squared signals to produce a rudder order signal for
controlling rudder position. The rudder order signal is developed in a heading keeping circuit
unless a heading change greater than a predetermined threshold is commanded, in which
event a programmer substitutes a heading change circuit for the heading keeping circuit.
The sensitivity of the heading change circuit is automatically adjusted as an inverse
function of vessel speed squared, and automatic rudder order limits are established in the
same circuit as an inverse function of speed. The sensitivity of the heading keeping circuit is
adjusted in accordance with a signal from an automatic gain control circuit which derives a
performance index J from ship's speed, heading error and rudder order signals occurring
during a given measurement interval.
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Adaptive Automatic Pilot
The performance index derived during a given measurement interval is compared
with the index derived in the previous interval and a counter register is set
according to the results of this comparison. The heading keeping circuit receives
heading error signals which are processed in a first proportional channel and also
differentiated and processed in a second or rate channel. The attenuation in each
channel is adjusted in accordance with the value stored in the counter register. The
attenuation in the rate channel is made equal to the square root of the attenuation
in the proportional channel. The modified rate and proportional signals are added
to obtain the final rudder order signal.
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STEERING MODES
The NAVpilot-500 system is capable of five primary steering modes: STBY (manual),
AUTO, NAV, REMOTE (FU and NFU) and DODGE.
In case of emergency, for example, collision avoidance, turn the helm quickly to
control the boat manually. The alarm sounds and “STBY” flashes on the display. To
return to the normal mode, press the [STBY], [AUTO] or [NAV] mode.
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STBY Mode
After turning on the power, the
equipment goes to the STBY mode.
This is a manual steering mode. When
sailing out of a harbor, steer the vessel in
the STBY mode.
Press the [STBY] key.
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AUTO Mode
Using the AUTO mode
The AUTO mode makes the NAVpilot-500 steer the boat automatically on a set
course.

Note: The AUTO mode will not bring your boat to the destination when wind or tide
prevails. Use this mode for a short straight voyage. Direct the boat to the intended
course desired. The course in this mode is a line connecting between the origin and
the destination.
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AUTO Mode
2. Press the [AUTO] key to access the Auto mode. Your boat will automatically be steered
toward the course at the moment the [AUTO] key is pressed. Whenever the heading
deviates from the set course, the NAVpilot-500 automatically adjusts the rudder to
return the boat to the set course.
3. To change or readjust the course setting in the AUTO mode, simply rotate the [ENTER]
knob to set the desired course.
4. Press the [STBY] key to leave AUTO steering in an emergency. You can steer your boat by
the helm.
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AUTO Mode
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ADVANCED AUTO mode

AUTO mode maintains set course but the track may be shifted by current or
wind. ADVANCED AUTO mode maintains set course without deviating from the
track. This mode can be enabled by connecting a navaid which can output own
ship’s position data (L/L) in NMEA0183 format to the NAVpilot-500.
After connecting to a navaid which outputs position data, press the [AUTO] key.
The NAVpilot-500 calculates the course based on the present position and heading.
In this mode, “AUTO” appears on the display.
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ADVANCED AUTO mode

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Enabling the ADVANCED AUTO mode

You can select whether to use the ADVANCED AUTO mode or not as follows.
1. In the AUTO mode, press the [MENU] key to show the AUTO mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “ADVANCED AUTO”, and then press the
[ENTER] knob to show the advanced auto options window.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “ON”. When you want to finish the
ADVANCED AUTO mode, select “OFF”.
4. Press the [ENTER] knob, [MENU] key in order close the menu.
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TURN mode (For AUTO mode)

The [TURN] key provides a turn feature when in the AUTO mode. This function
changes the current set course to be 180° or 360°. This is useful when you want to
back to the position where a fish school appears on the echo sounder.
180° turn
1. In the AUTO mode, press the [TURN] key to show the setting window.
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2. Press the [PORT] or [STBD] key depending on the direction you want to turn.
The alarm sounds to notify you that the boat is turning. The indication “180T”
replaces “AUTO (or AUTO)” on the display.
3. When the message “TURN COMPLETED” appears after the boat has turned
180°, press the [ENTER] knob to silence the alarm. Control is returned to AUTO
mode automatically, and the indication “180T” is replaced with “AUTO (or
AUTO).”
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360° turn
360° turn provides a continuous turn feature with a constant rate of turn in a circle
( ).
1. In the AUTO mode, press the [TURN] key to show the setting window twice.
2. Press the [PORT] or [STBD] key depending on the direction you want to turn. The
alarm sounds to notify you that the boat is turning. The indication “360T”
replaces “AUTO (AUTO)” on the display.
3. When the message “TURN COMPLETED” appears after the boat has turned 360°,
press the [ENTER] knob to silence the alarm. Control is returned to AUTO mode
automatically, and the indication “360T” is replaced with “AUTO (or AUTO).”
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NAV Mode
Starting the NAV mode
The plotter connected to the autopilot knows the present position and location to a
destination waypoint. The NAVpilot-500, while receiving this information, adjusts
the course direction automatically and guides the boat to the destination waypoint
as determined by the associated plotter.
1. Set the destination waypoint (or route) on the plotter.
2. Direct the boat’s heading to the waypoint.
3. Press the [NAV] key.
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Starting the NAV mode

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Starting the NAV mode

The course is automatically set so that the boat sails on the intended course line.
When the [NAV] key is pressed, the course changes automatically in order to follow
the intended course line. The course reading on the NAVpilot-500 is not always
equal to the waypoint direction which is presented on the plotter.
When you intend to navigate following a route, the boat goes to the second
waypoint in the route. Select the nearest or desired waypoint before going into the
NAV mode.
4. Press the [STBY] or [AUTO] key to terminate the NAV mode.
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Selecting sailing method of NAV mode

The NAV mode has two sailing methods, COURSE and XTE. When the ship goes out
from the course between starting point (previous waypoint for route) and
destination waypoint because of tide, wind etc, each method functions as below.
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Selecting sailing method of NAV mode

A sailing method can be selected from the menu.
1. In the NAV mode, press the [MENU] key to show the NAV mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “NAV MODE”, and then press the [ENTER]
knob to show the nav mode options window.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select XTE or COURSE as appropriate. XTE: The boat
sails along the course between the starting point and waypoint. COURSE: The
boat goes directly to the waypoint when the boat is off course.
4. Press the [ENTER] knob, [MENU] key in order to close the menu.
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Selecting sailing method of NAV mode

A sailing method can be selected from the menu.
1. In the NAV mode, press the [MENU] key to show the NAV mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “NAV MODE”, and then press the [ENTER]
knob to show the nav mode options window.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select XTE or COURSE as appropriate. XTE: The boat
sails along the course between the starting point and waypoint. COURSE: The
boat goes directly to the waypoint when the boat is off course.
4. Press the [ENTER] knob, [MENU] key in order to close the menu.
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Switching waypoint
When you arrive at a waypoint on a route in the NAV mode, you can switch to the
next waypoint automatically or manually. AUTO switches the TO waypoint when
your boat is within the arrival alarm area (set on the plotter). MANUAL requires
operator confirmation before switching the TO waypoint, when the boat arrives at
a waypoint, notified by sounding the buzzer.
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Switching waypoint
1. In the NAV mode, press the [ENTER] knob to show the NAV mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “WAYPOINT SWITCHING”.
3. Press the [ENTER] knob to show the waypoint switching window.
4. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select AUTO or MANUAL as appropriate.
5. Press the [ENTER] knob, [MENU] key in order to close the menu.
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Selecting boat’s movement at the destination (or last)

waypoint
You can select how to go to the destination waypoint (last waypoint in route
navigation). For NAV mode, own ship’s position L/L data and waypoint L/L data are
required.
1. In the NAV mode, press the [MENU] key to show the NAV mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “FISHING MODE”, and then press the [ENTER]
knob to show the fishing options window.
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Selecting boat’s movement at
the destination (or last)
waypoint
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Selecting boat’s movement at the destination (or last) waypoint

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select option desired.
OFF: The NAV mode changes to the AUTO mode when the boat arrives to the (last)
waypoint, and the boat keeps the course at the moment of arriving the waypoint.
ORBIT CW: The boat runs around the (last) waypoint clockwise.
ORBIT CCW: The boat runs around the (last) waypoint counterclockwise.
CLOVER LEAF: When passing the (last) waypoint over the distance “d” as shown
below, the boat repeats to return to the waypoint automatically. The distance “d” is
set on menu.
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Selecting boat’s movement at

the destination (or last)
waypoint
3. 4. Press the [ENTER] knob and
3. [MENU] key in order to close the
menu.
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ORBIT mode
When selecting the ORBIT CW or ORBIT CCW, operate the autopilot as shown
below.
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ORBIT mode
1. Set the arrival alarm range on at the plotter connected.
2. In the NAV mode, press the [MENU] key to show the NAV mode menu.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “RADIUS OF ORBIT”, and then press the
[ENTER] knob. The current value is circumscribed with a double rectangle.
4. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to set the radius for orbit. (Setting range: 0.05 to 9.99
nm).
5. Press the [ENTER] knob and [MENU] key in order to close the menu.
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ORBIT mode
6. Start the waypoint (or route) navigation. When the boat arrives in the arrival
alarm range for the destination waypoint (or the last waypoint in route
navigation), the message “TOO FAST TO ORBIT. PLEASE SLOW DOWN LESS THAN
10 kt.” appears.
7. Reduce boat’s speed less than 10 kt. When speed becomes less than 10 kt, the
message “START TO TURN BY ORBIT MODE” appears and then, the boat starts
the orbital running.
8. To escape from the ORBIT mode while it is in use, press [STBY] or [AUTO] key to
change to the appropriate mode.
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CLOVER LEAF
For the CLOVER REAF mode, set the distance “d” shown in the figure on page 3-8
for orbit at the NAV mode menu, referring to steps 2 through 5 in the above.
Note: Reduce boat’s speed less than 10 kt to activate this function.
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Navigating to TLL point (FISHING mode)

When TLL (Target Latitude and Longitude) data is input from a radar or echo
sounder connected in the STBY, AUTO or NAV mode, the “FISHING MODE” window
appears. Then, you may choose how to progress towards that position, from ORBIT
(clockwise, counterclockwise) or CLOVER LEAF. (You may also continue current
steering mode, by choosing OFF.) For this mode, own ship’s position L/L data and
waypoint L/L data are required.
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ORBIT
The boat makes circles around the TLL point. The orbital radius is set on the menu.
“ORBT” appears on the display when using the ORBIT mode.

CLOVER LEAF
The boat automatically returns to the TLL position when it goes more than a
distance (set on menu) away from the TLL position. The indication “CLVR” appears
on the display when the CLOVER LEAF mode is in use.
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REMOTE Mode
Four types of optional remote controllers may be connected to the NAVpilot-500.
These are useful to operate this equipment from a remote location.

Dial type remote controller (FAP-5551, 5552)

This remote controller can only be used when in the AUTO or NAV mode.
1. Turn on the remote controller switch to show “FU” (Follow-Up) on the control
unit. If the remote controller switch is turned on when in the STBY mode, a
beep sounds to alert you that remote mode is available.
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Dial type remote controller
(FAP-5551, 5552)
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Dial type remote controller (FAP-5551, 5552)

2. Rotate the dial on the remote controller to steer the rudder. The angle must be
more than 10°, otherwise no steering occurs.
3. When you terminate the REMOTE mode, turn off the remote controller.
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Button (FAP-6211, 6212), Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222),

Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type remote controller
These controllers may be used in the STBY, AUTO and NAV modes.
1. For button and lever type remote controllers, turn on the remote controller
power. The dodge type remote controller doesn’t have the power switch, it can
be operated by simply pressing the direction keys.
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Button (FAP-6211, 6212), Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222),

Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type remote controller
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Button (FAP-6211, 6212),
Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222),
Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type
remote controller
The indication “NFU” (No Follow-Up)
appears on the control unit. (For dodge
type, NFU appears while a direction key
on it is pressed.)
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2. For button and dodge remote
Button (FAP-6211, 6212), controllers, press the [PORT] or
Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222), [STBD] key on the remote controller.
For the lever type, position the lever
Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type for the direction.
remote controller
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Button (FAP-6211, 6212), Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222),

Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type remote controller
3. For the button and lever type remote controllers, turn off the remote controller
when terminating the REMOTE mode. (For dodge type remote controller,
simply release a key.) Control is returned to the control unit and the previously
used mode (STBY, AUTO or NAV) is restored.
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Button (FAP-6211, 6212), Lever (FAP-6221, FAP-6222),

Dodge (FAP-6231, 6232) type remote controller
3. For the button and lever type remote
controllers, turn off the remote controller when
terminating the REMOTE mode. (For dodge type
remote controller, simply release a key.) Control is
returned to the control unit and the previously
used mode (STBY, AUTO or NAV) is restored.
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Selecting course after the REMOTE mode is off

After the remote controller is turned off in the AUTO mode, the course mode can
be chosen to follow as below.
1. In the STBY mode, press the [MENU] knob to show the STBY mode menu.
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “SYSTEM SETUP”, and then press the [ENTER]
knob to show the SYSTEM SETUP menu. To switch page 1 and 2, select “NEXT
PAGE” or “PREVIOUS PAGE” and press the [ENTER] knob.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select “CSE AFTER REMOTE”, and then press the
[ENTER] knob to show the cse (course) after remote options window.
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Selecting course after the

REMOTE mode is off
PRESENT COURSE: The heading at
the moment the remote controller
is turned.
4. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to
select PRESENT COURSE or
PREVIOUS COURSE as
appropriate.
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Selecting course after the

REMOTE mode is off
PREVIOUS COURSE: The previous course
before using the remote controller.
5. Press the [ENTER] knob and [MENU]
key in order to close the menu.
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DODGE Mode
The DODGE mode is useful in situations where you need to quickly take control of
the helm to avoid an obstruction.
Dodging in STBY mode
1. Press the [PORT] or [STBD] key down to steer appropriately until the boat
finishes the turning. The equipment goes into the DODGE mode while pressing
the [PORT] or [STBD] key. In this mode, steering can not be done from other
control units or remote controllers. Further the audible alarm sounds when one
of the above keys is operated, to alert you to dodge operation. Note also that
“DODG” appears on the display.
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DODGE Mode
The DODGE mode is useful in situations where you need to quickly take control of
the helm to avoid an obstruction.
Dodging in STBY mode
1. Press the [PORT] or [STBD] key down to steer appropriately until the boat
finishes the turning. The equipment goes into the DODGE mode while pressing
the [PORT] or [STBD] key. In this mode, steering can not be done from other
control units or remote controllers. Further the audible alarm sounds when one
of the above keys is operated, to alert you to dodge operation. Note also that
“DODG” appears on the display.
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2. Release the [PORT] or [STBD] key to
DODGE Mode leave from the DODGE mode.
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Dodging in AUTO or NAV mode

1. Press the [PORT] or [STBD] key down to change the course until the boat
finishes to avoid the obstruction. The equipment goes into the DODGE mode
and the audible alarm sounds when one of the above keys is operated, to alert
you to dodge operation. Note also that “DODG” appears on the display.
2. Release the key pressed to return to the previous mode (AUTO or NAV). You can
operate the autopilot with the status before the DODGE mode.
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Dodging in AUTO or NAV mode

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The Alarm System

It will continuously check for dangerous situations and faults while the system is running.
Message types
Alarms
Generated when conditions are detected that critically effect the capability or
performance of the system.
Warnings
Informing you of condition that could result in unwanted system response or eventual
failure.
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Alarm indication
When an alarm situation occurs, siren will sound and the alarm icon will be active.
The alarm dialog will show alarm cause, followed by the name of the device that
generated the alarm.
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List of possible alarms and corrective actions

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End of Prelim Week 1

THANK YOU!!!