© B.

Taylor - 2004/2018
 The counting numbers.
Natural Numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
N
Include all the whole
Integers numbers and zero. Z
. . . -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
Include all the integers plus
Rational Numbers fractions. Q
Include all the rational
Real Numbers numbers plus numbers
that cannot be written as R
fractions.
 A factor of a number divides
Factor exactly into that number.
eg: Factors of 14 are:
1, 2, 7 and 14

A number with exactly TWO

Prime Number factors: (1 and itself).
eg: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, . . .

A factor of a number which

Prime Factor is also a prime number is
called a prime factor.
 A factor of a number which
Prime Factor is also a prime number is
called a prime factor.
 A factor of a number which
Prime Factor is also a prime number is
called a prime factor.

eg 1: Write 24 as a product of Prime Factors

24 12 6 3 1 Keep dividing by
prime numbers
until you get to an
answer of 1
÷2 ÷2 ÷2 ÷3

24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
3
= 2 x3
 A factor of a number which
Prime Factor is also a prime number is
called a prime factor.

eg 2: Write 315 as a product of Prime Factors

315 105 35 7 1 Keep dividing by

prime numbers
until you get to an
answer of 1
÷3 ÷3 ÷5 ÷7

315 = 3 x 3 x 5 x 7
2
= 3 x5x7
 A factor of a number which
Prime Factor is also a prime number is
called a prime factor.

eg 3: Write 357 as a product of Prime Factors

357 119 17 1 Keep dividing by

prime numbers
until you get to an
answer of 1
÷3 ÷7 ÷ 17

357 = 3 x 7 x 17
 Write each of these numbers
Questions to Try as a
product of prime factors.

(1) 14 = 2x7
(2) 20 = 2x2x5 How well
(3) 33 = 3 x 11 did you
(4) 38 = 2 x 19 do?
(5) 55 = 5 x 11
(6) 64 = 2x2x2x2x2x2
(7) 70 = 2x5x7
(8) 120 = 2x2x2x3x5
(9) 126 = 2x3x3x7
(10) 512 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2
 REAL NUMBERS
Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

These include all the These are all the

whole numbers and numbers which
numbers which CAN be CANNOT be written as
written as a fraction. a fraction.

ALL decimals which Examples:

recur or terminate can Pi and multiples of pi
Square roots of primes
be written as fractions.
Writing a terminating decimal as a fraction
(1) Write all the digits after the decimal point
(2) Draw a line under these
(3) Put a 0 under each digit
(4) Put a 1 in front of the 0s
(5) Simplify if possible

Examples

37 213 013
0.37 = 0.213 = 0.013 =
1 00 1 000 1 000
13
=
1000
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part starts straight after the decimal
point, then it’s easy . . .
If the fraction has 1 recurring digit, it’s that digit over 9
If the fraction has 2 recurring digits, it’s those digits over 99
If the fraction has 3 recurring digits, it’s those digits over 999, and
so on.
Examples

. 7 .. 38 . . 462
0.7 = 0.38 = 0.462 =
9 99 999
154
=
333
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part doesn’t start straight after the
decimal point, then we can express the decimal as a
fraction by using methods as illustrated in the following
examples:
. .
0.73 x = 0.73
. Scale up the above so that recurring part
10x = 7.3 starts straight after decimal point
.
100x = 73.3 Scale the above to line up recurring parts

90x = 66 Subtract the two equations above

66 11
x = =
90 15
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part doesn’t start straight after the
decimal point, then we can express the decimal as a
fraction by using methods as illustrated in the following
examples:
. .
0.58 x = 0.58
. Scale up the above so that recurring part
10x = 5.8 starts straight after decimal point
.
100x = 58.8 Scale the above to line up recurring parts

90x = 53 Subtract the two equations above

53
x =
90
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part doesn’t start straight after the
decimal point, then we can express the decimal as a
fraction by using methods as illustrated in the following
examples:
.. ..
0.658 x = 0.658
.. Scale up the above so that recurring part
10x = 6.58 starts straight after decimal point
..
1000x = 658.58 Scale the above to line up recurring parts

990x = 652 Subtract the two equations above

652 326
x = =
990 495
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part doesn’t start straight after the
decimal point, then we can express the decimal as a
fraction by using methods as illustrated in the following
examples:
.. ..
0.174 x = 0.174
.. Scale up the above so that recurring part
10x = 1.74 starts straight after decimal point
..
1000x = 174.74 Scale the above to line up recurring parts

990x = 173 Subtract the two equations above

173
x =
990
 Writing a recurring decimal as a fraction
If the recurring part doesn’t start straight after the
decimal point, then we can express the decimal as a
fraction by using methods as illustrated in the following
examples:
.. ..
0.369 x = 0.369
.. Scale up the above so that recurring part
10x = 3.69 starts straight after decimal point
..
1000x = 369.69 Scale the above to line up recurring parts

990x = 366 Subtract the two equations above

366 61
x = =
990 165
© B. Taylor - 2004/2018