Biomedical Engineerng

Introduction And Applications

By:
Ehsan Tahami
Faculty member of biomedical engineering Dpt.,
Islamic Azad University –Mashhad Branch.

tahami@mshdiau.ac.ir
Contents
 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering
 Biomedical Engineering in Iran
 - Research fields
 - Application fields
 Some Suggestions for Biomedical Engineer
students
Introduction:
Biomedical Engineering
 Biomedical engineering is the application of
engineering principles and techniques to the medical
field. This field seeks to close the gap between
engineering and medicine: It combines the design
and problem solving skills of engineering with
medical and biological sciences to improve
healthcare diagnosis, monitoring and therapy.

3
Fields of Biomedical Engineering
 Biomechatronic
 Bioinstrumentation
 Bioelectric
 Biomaterials
 Biomechanics
 Bionics
 Cellular, Tissue, and Genetic Engineering
 Clinical Engineering
 Orthopedic Bioengineering
 Rehabilitation engineering
 Bionanotechnology
 Neural Engineering
 Sports Engineering
4
Bioelectric


 Bioelectric is the application of electrical

engineering principles to biology, medicine,
behavior, or health. Bioelectronics advances
our fundamental concepts, creates
knowledge for molecular to organ systems
levels, and develops innovative devices or
processes for the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of disease in order to rehabilitate
patients and improve health.

Biomaterial


 A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or

construct that interacts with biological
systems. The development of biomaterials,
as a science, is about fifty years old. The
study of biomaterials is called biomaterials
science.


 Biomaterials science encompasses elements

of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue
engineering and materials science.
Biomechanic


 Biomechanics is the application of

mechanical principles to biological systems,
such as humans, animals, plants, organs,
and cells.
Clinical Engineering


 Clinical engineering is a specialty within

Biomedical engineering responsible primarily
for applying and implementing medical
technology to optimize healthcare delivery.
Roles of clinical engineers include training
and supervising biomedical equipment
technicians (BMETs), working with
governmental regulators on hospital
inspections/audits, and serving as
technological consultants for other hospital
staff (i.e. physicians, administrators, I.T.,
etc.).
Rehabilitation engineering


 Rehabilitation engineering is the

systematic application of engineering
sciences to design, develop, adapt, test,
evaluate, apply, and distribute technological
solutions to problems confronted by
individuals with disabilities. Functional areas
addressed through rehabilitation
engineering may include mobility,
communications, hearing, vision, and
cognition, and activities associated with
employment, independent living, education,
and integration into the community
Sports engineering


 Sports engineering is a field of engineering

that involves the design, development and
testing of sports equipment. The equipment
used by athletes has always gone through
technological design and development
based on current knowledge and
understanding.
Tissue engineering

 Tissue engineering was once categorized as a
sub-field of bio materials, but having grown in
scope and importance it can be considered as a
field in its own right. It is the use of a
combination of cells, engineering and materials
methods, and suitable biochemical and physio-
chemical factors to improve or replace biological
functions.

 While most definitions of tissue engineering cover
a broad range of applications, in practice the
term is closely associated with applications that
repair or replace portions of or whole tissues
(i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin
etc.).
Biomedical Engineering
(Bioelectric) in Iran



- Research fields


 - Application fields
Research fields
Medical Signal Processing

Biomedical Controlling
Biomedical modeling

Bioe le ctric 

Me
dic
a l T g
im cessin
e S o
er i ge  Pr
es  l   Ima
Pr
ed dica
ict Me
i on
Medical Image Processing

 Image processing is any form of signal processing for

which the input is an image, such as a photograph or
video frame; the output of image processing may be
either an image or, a set of characteristics or
parameters related to the image.
Medical Signal Processing

 Signal processing is an area of electrical

engineering and applied mathematics that
deals with operations on or analysis of
signals, in either discrete or continuous time,
to perform useful operations on those
signals.

 - Electroencephalogram (EEG)
 - Electrocardiogram (ECG)
 - Electromyogram (EMG)
 - Electroretionogram (ERG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Example1: Brain Computer Interface

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Example2: Epileptic Seizure
Prediction

18

Start of prediction Occurrence of Epileptic seizure

Electrocardiogram (ECG)


19
Example: Cardiac Arrhythmia
Prediction

Start of prediction Occurrence of Cardiac Arrhythmia

Electroretinogram (ERG)
Electromyogram (EMG)
Example: Wearable Exoskeleton
Robots
Biomedical modeling

 The biomedical model of medicine has been around

since the mid-nineteenth century as the predominant
model used by physicians in diagnosing diseases.


 According to the biomedical model, health constitutes

the freedom from disease, pain, or defect, thus
making the normal human condition "healthy". The
model's focus on the physical processes, such as the
pathology, the biochemistry and the physiology of a
disease, does not take into account the role of social
factors or individual subjectivity.

Example1: Bergman model for
Designation of Insulin pumps
Example2: Modeling of Gastric Myo electrical
Activity
 Membrane potential differential equation to
describe human gastric electrical activity of
single cell:


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Example3: Model of cardiac tissue

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Application fields
Telemedicine
n

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tio

eu
a

ro
z
ili

 fe
e r

ed
St

ba
ck
Calibration
Designation

Bioe le ctric 

M
ain
t en ting
an ul
ce ons
C
Some Suggestions for Biomedical
Engineer students

 Student Activities in the scientific associations.



 Finding the Hospitals and clinics problems.



 Interuniversity Cooperation via Scientific

Associations.


 Cooperation of Biomedical engineering students

with the general site of biomedical engineering
students of mashhad ( http://www.mbme.ir )


 Cooperation of Biomedical engineering students

with the Bio ( first journal of biomedical
engineering of mashhad).





 Thank you