INDIAN CENTRAL

SCHOOL

Chemsitry project on electrochemical cell

Submitted by – jagan santhosh
Class – XII C
YEAR 2021-2022
SUBMITTED To – Mrs Chintada Neeraja
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Primarily I would like to thank god for being able to complete this project with success .
Then I would like to thank my Chemistry teacher Mrs.Chintada Neeraja ma’am , whose valuable
guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof success.
Her suggestions and instructions have served as the major contributor towards the completion of the
project .
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who helped me with their valuable guidance has
been helpefull in various phases of the completion of the project
 CERTIFICA
This is to certify that jagan santhosh, a student TE
of class XII-C has successfully
completed the research on the project electrochemical cell under the guidance of
Mrs.Chintada Neeraja ( subject teacher) during this year 2021-2022

Teacher’s signature Examiner’s signature

Principal’s signature
 INDEX
S.No. Contents Pg.No.
1. Introducation 1-3
2. Theory 4-5
3. Uses of electrochemical cell 6
4. Effects of electrochemical cell 7-8
5. Materials required 9
6. Procedures 10-11
7. Observation 12
8. Result 13
9. Precautions and expected errors 14
10. Conclusions 15
11. Bibliography 16
INTRODUCATION
An electrochemical cell is a device that
produces an electric current from energy
released by an spontaneous redox reaction .
This kind of cell includes galavanic or
voltaic cell named after Luigi galvani and
Alessandro volta these scientists conducted
several experiments on chemical reactions
and electric current during the late 18th
century
Electrochemical cells have two conductive
electrodes called the anode and the cathode,
the anode is defined as the electrode where
oxidation occcurs . The cathode is the electrode
where reduction takes place electrodes can be
made from any sufficiently conducive
materials such as matels semiconductor
graphite and even conductive polymers. In
between these electrodes is the electrolyte
which contains ions that can freely move
The voltaic cell uses 2 different metal
electrodes each in an electrolyte solution
the anode will undergo oxidation and the
cathode will undergo reduction the
metal of the anode will oxidize goin from
an oxidation state of 0( in the solid
form ) to a positive oxidation state and it
will become an ion . At the cathode the
metal ion in the solution will accept one
or more electrons from cathode and the
ions oxidation state will reduce to 0. This
forms a solid metal that deposits on the
cathode . The two electrodes must be
connnected electrically to each other
allowing a flow of electrons that leave
metal of the anode and flow through this
connection to the ions at the surface of
the cathode
THEORY
The operating principle of the voltaic cell is
a simultaneous oxidation and reduction
reaction called a redox reaction this redox
reaction consists of two half-reactions . In a
typical voltaic cell, the redox pair is copper
and zinc, represented in the following half-
cell reactions :
Zinc electrode (anode): Zn(s)= Zn2+(aq)+2
Copper electrode ( cathode ): Cu2+(aq)
+2e=Cu(s)
Copper readily oxdizies zinc the
anode is zinc and the cathode is
copper the anions in the solutions
are sulfates of the respective metals
when an electrically conducting
device connects the electrodes the
electrochemical cell reaction is
Zn+Cu2+=Zn2+Cu
The zinc electrode produces two
electrons as it’s is oxidized
(Zn=Zn2+2e) which travel through
the wire to the copper metal ( Cu2+
+2e= Cu)
 USES OF
ELECTROCHEMICA
L CELL
• Electro chemical cell use either
chemical reactions to generate
electricity or conversely use
electricity to energize chemical
reactions
• It’s device which can generate
electrical energy from the
chemical reactions occurring in it
• Use the electrical energy supplied
to it to facilitate chemical
reactions in It these devices are
capable of converting chemical
energy into electrical energy or
vice versa
 EFFECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL
Positive effects on electrochemical cells CELL
• Low cost and non toxic materials
• Provide useful electrical energy in batteries
• Electrons can be transferred from zinc to copper through an electrically conducting path as useful
electric current

Negative effects of electrochemical cell

• Cannot be recycled
• Can leak ( weak acid electrolyte reacts with zinc )
• Short shelf life
• Unstable voltage and current ( as battery runs down ) and low power
• Electrochemistry cells can play a
major role in increasing the
performance of conventional MF
AND UF processes . The polarized
layer is described as arising due to
the convective transport of particles
and their diffusive back transport
into bulk solution
MATERIALS
REQUIRED

1. Copper
2. Zinc metals
3. Solutions of their sulfates
 PROCEDURE
• The cells are constructed in a separate
beakers
• The metal electrodes are immersed in
electrolyte solutions
• Each half cell is connected by a salt
bridge which allowed for the free
transport of ionic species between the 2
cells
• When the circuit is complete the
current flows and the cell produces
electrical energy
 OBSERVATION
S
Observations – I
1. A reading was shown in the voltmeter
2. In beaker 2 the bite solution faded
3. A grey precipitate formed on the Aluminium
electrode
4. Electrons moved through the voltmeter
Observations – II
5. In beaker 2 the solution became a darker
blue
6. A reddish precipitate formed on the copper
electrode
7. In the Beaker 2 the solution became a
darker blue
8. A reddish precipitate formed on the copper
electrode
 RESUL
TS
The balanced half reaction should be
2Al(s)=2Al+6e
3Cu+6e=3Cu
The observable result will be that copper ( red) solid will form in the cathode side and the
blue copper solution will fade ( as copper ions change to solid )
PRECAUTIONS AND
EXPECTED ERRORS

• Max of substance oxidized or

reduced
• Moles of substance oxidized or
reduced
• Moles of electrons transferred
 CONCLUSIONS
An electrochemical cell is a cell in which chemical energy in a redox reaction is converted to
electrical energy . It’s consists of two half cells connected internally by a salt bridge and extremely
by wired . A hydrogen bald cell is the standard time electrode and all comparisons of the other half
cells are made against this half cell which has an E ( value of zero volts . The E( values of other half
cells are obtained by measuring the total emf ( electromotive force / Eocell) when attached to a
standard hydrogen electrode

All standard reduction potentials are measured with a solution concentrations of 1Mol L-1 gas
pressure of 101.3 kpa and at a temperature of 25C
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.icbse.com
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/electrochemical-cells
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-electrochemical-cell-structure-uses.html
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-electrochemical-cell-structure-uses.html
• https://www.britannica.com/science/electrochemical-reaction/Applications
These are some sources which proved to be helpful in makin this project.