clauses

A clause is a series of words containing

subject and predicate but it doesn’t
represent a complete meaning. Clauses
can be classified into:

a.Main clause
b.Subordinate clause
 Main clause
• Main clause is a clause which has complete
meaning without being combined to other part
of the sentence and it can stand by itself.
example :
1. I was watching TV when it started to rain.
2. we will go for a picnic after we finish the
program
3. He had been here before I came
 Subordinate clause
• Subordinate clause is a clause which cannot
stand by itself. To have full meaning it should be
combined to other part of the sentence, e.g.
main clause.
The rest of the highlighted parts of sentences
above are subordinate clauses:
1. I was watching TV when it started to rain.
2. we will go for a picnic after we finish the
program
3. He had been here before I came
 Sentence
Sentence is a series of words containing
of at least a subject and a predicate, and
it represents a full meaning. Sentence can
be classified into:
1.Simple sentence,
2.Compound sentence,
3.Complex sentence,
4.Compound complex sentence
 Simple sentence,
Simple sentence is a sentence consisting
of one independent clause:
1. We have already named a few numbers.
2. A set is a collection of objects of any sort.
3. Mathematicians tried to solve the problem
4. We sometimes picture a set by drawing a circle or
some other shape around the names of its members.
5. We name sets by listing the member of the set within
braces.
6. A set is completely determined by its member.
7. A set, like a person, may have several different name.
8. The set of equilateral triangles is equal to the set of
equiangular triangles.
 Compound sentence
Compound sentence is a sentence consisting of two
independent clauses. The clauses are combined with
and, but, or, etc. the two clauses can stand by
themselves independently.
1. We sometimes picture a set by drawing a circle or some other
shape around the names of its member.
2. We may draw a circle or some other shape around the picture
of its member.
3. A set of elements is called countable or denumerable or is said
to have cardinal number.
4. There is an infinite number of counting numbers, there is an
infinite number of rational number, and there is an infinite
number of real numbers.
5. There are only a finite number of visible stars, but there are
infinitely many counting numbers.
 Complex sentence,
Complex sentence is a sentence consisting of
one independent clause and one dependent clause.
The two clauses are usually connected with where,
when, that, because, until, if, etc
1. If we are to be able to numbers with any facility we
need a systematic way of naming them.
2. Because we are all so familiar with the decimal system
we explain the fundamental idea by describing another
system.
3. He came when the bell rang.
4. She was absent because she was sick.
 Compound complex sentence
Compound complex sentence is a sentence consisting of two
independent clauses and one or more dependent clause(s)
Examples:
1. Our alphabet was invented in India, adopted by Arab traders,
and brought to Europe; consequently it is called Hindu-Arabic
system.
2. The form of the system that used is also called the decimal
system because we based it on the number of ten, but there is
nothing very special about the number ten.
3. I was so young and had no experience with men; therefore, I
didn’t know that he was actually just a good looking bastard
who liked playing with girls.
 Dependent Clause
Dependent clause is grouped into
three groups:
1.noun clause,
2.adjective clause,
3.adverbial clause.
 Dependent Clauses
• Noun clause
is a clause which takes noun position in a sentence
• Adjective clause
is clause which modifies noun or pronoun
• Adverb clause
is a clause which modifies a verb
 Dependent clause
- Noun clause:
Noun clause is a clause which takes the posisition of a noun
in a sentence, e.g as
subject :
1. We might tell the child that 4 X 5 is 4 taken five times.
2. Both of thesedescriptions reveal that division is intimately
related to multiplication.
3. In general, we want to agree that two sets are equal if they
have the same members
4. What he has been doing so far makes everybody survive.
5. I don;t like the way he behaves.
6. What I like best is that you always smile.
 Dependent clause
- Adjetive Clause: is a clause which modifies a
noun or pronoun using who, that, which
1. The ancients assigned stars names that were common name for
people or goods.
2. … suppose we are looking at a set that has more than five
members.
3. The set that has seventeen members is grouped into fives.
4. Multiplication is an operation that associates a counting number
with pair of counting numbers.
5. Thus the set which is split into 4 disjoints subsets below has 4X5
members.
6. It will enable any child who can count to use this definition with a
can of pebbles.
 Have a closer look to the following more
examples
1. The man who came here yesterday is my father.
2. The man whom I don’t like always smiles to me.
3. The teacher likes a student whose English is good.
4. The city in which i was born is now being renovated.
5. The woman who gave me a birth is very beautiful.
6. The God to whom we pray anytime is Alloh.
7. English is the language most people in the world use
to communicate.
8. The university where we study mathematics is UMS.
9. UMS is the university where we study mathematics