Ext.

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Ext. 601
Concept of Agricultural Knowledge and Information system, Training of
Concept of Agricultural Knowledge and Information system, Training of
Stakeholders of AKIS
Stakeholders of AKIS

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Submitted to: Submitted By:
Dr. Pardeep Chahal ROHIT
Dr. Pardeep Chahal ROHIT
(Deptt. of Extension 2021A41D
(Deptt. of Extension 2021A41D
Education) (PhD Extension Education)
Education) (PhD Extension Education)
 Overview
Overviewof
ofthe
theAssignment
Assignment
1. Introduction to AKIS
1. Introduction to AKIS
2. Knowledge Triangle
2. Knowledge Triangle
3. AKIS for rural development
3. AKIS for rural development
4. Case study
4. Case study
5. Models of AKIS
5. Models of AKIS
6. Training of stakeholders
6. Training of stakeholders
7. Challenges for AKIS
7. Challenges for AKIS
8. Conclusion
8. Conclusion

1
Introduction
IntroductiontotoAKIS
AKIS
 The agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS) links
 The agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS) links
and integrates farmers, researchers, agricultural educationist,
and integrates farmers, researchers, agricultural educationist,
extensionists and encourages them to exploit and promote
extensionists and encourages them to exploit and promote
reciprocated learning and to create, share, and make use of
reciprocated learning and to create, share, and make use of
agriculture-related technology, knowledge and information.
agriculture-related technology, knowledge and information.
 Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems An AKIS is a
 Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems An AKIS is a
system that links rural people and institutions to promote mutual
system that links rural people and institutions to promote mutual
learning and generate, share and utilize agriculture-related
learning and generate, share and utilize agriculture-related
technology, knowledge and information.
technology, knowledge and information.
 The system integrates farmers, agricultural educators, researchers
 The system integrates farmers, agricultural educators, researchers
and extensionists to harness knowledge and information from
and extensionists to harness knowledge and information from
various sources for better farming and improved livelihoods
various sources for better farming and improved livelihoods

https://www.oerafrica.org>haramaya 2
https://www.oerafrica.org>haramaya
Knowledge
KnowledgeTriangle
Triangle
Education

Research

Farmers
Farmers

Extension

3
Conti…..
Conti…..
 AKIS/RD systems that are financially, socially and technically
 AKIS/RD systems that are financially, socially and technically
sustainable; relevant and effective processes of knowledge and
sustainable; relevant and effective processes of knowledge and
technology generation, sharing and uptake.
technology generation, sharing and uptake.
 AKIS/RD systems that are demand driven through empowerment of
 AKIS/RD systems that are demand driven through empowerment of
farmers such that programmes and activities are responsive to their
farmers such that programmes and activities are responsive to their
needs; the interface between and integration among the various
needs; the interface between and integration among the various
education, research and farming activities; and accountability to
education, research and farming activities; and accountability to
assure that stakeholders assume their respective responsibilities.
assure that stakeholders assume their respective responsibilities.
 Rural people, especially farmers, are at the heart of the knowledge
 Rural people, especially farmers, are at the heart of the knowledge
triangle.
triangle.
 Education, research and extension are services (public or private)-
 Education, research and extension are services (public or private)-
designed to respond to their needs for knowledge with which to
designed to respond to their needs for knowledge with which to
improve their productivity, incomes and welfare and manage the
improve their productivity, incomes and welfare and manage the
natural resources on which they depend in a sustainable way.
natural resources on which they depend in a sustainable way.

4
Concept and practice of AKIS/RD
Concept and practice of AKIS/RD
 The AKIS/RD concept and practice hold significant promise for the advancement
 The AKIS/RD concept and practice hold significant promise for the advancement
of agricultural and rural development and more generally, national income.
of agricultural and rural development and more generally, national income.
 Agricultural institutes need actively to promote linkages, technology transfer,
 Agricultural institutes need actively to promote linkages, technology transfer,
knowledge sharing and the exchange of relevant information and such an impetus
knowledge sharing and the exchange of relevant information and such an impetus
to the development of pluralistic innovation systems be supported by adequate
to the development of pluralistic innovation systems be supported by adequate
financial commitment.
financial commitment.
 Recognition of the role of a plethora of private sector actors (seed and input supply
 Recognition of the role of a plethora of private sector actors (seed and input supply
companies, produce buyers, chemical companies, radio and television, etc) playing
companies, produce buyers, chemical companies, radio and television, etc) playing
different roles within the system.
different roles within the system.
 Rural people specially farmers, are at the heart of the knowledge triangle.
 Rural people specially farmers, are at the heart of the knowledge triangle.
 Education, research and extension are services (public or private) designed to
 Education, research and extension are services (public or private) designed to
respond to their needs for knowledge with which to improve their productivity,
respond to their needs for knowledge with which to improve their productivity,
incomes and welfare and manage the natural resources on which they depend in a
incomes and welfare and manage the natural resources on which they depend in a
sustainable way.
sustainable way.
 Farmers and other rural people are partners within the knowledge system, not
 Farmers and other rural people are partners within the knowledge system, not
simply recipients.
simply recipients.

5
The AKIS/RD vision and principles
The AKIS/RD vision and principles
 To set forth a shared vision for an integrated approach to agricultural
 To set forth a shared vision for an integrated approach to agricultural
education, research and extension that would respond to the technology,
education, research and extension that would respond to the technology,
knowledge and information needs of millions of rural people, helping them to
knowledge and information needs of millions of rural people, helping them to
reach informed decisions on the better management of their farms, households
reach informed decisions on the better management of their farms, households
and communities.
and communities.
 To facilitate dialogue with decision making, in both government and
 To facilitate dialogue with decision making, in both government and
development organizations, ensuring that proposals for investment in
development organizations, ensuring that proposals for investment in
AKIS/RD are well founded and receive due consideration.
AKIS/RD are well founded and receive due consideration.
 To provide the staff of FAO and the World Bank, and their counterparts in
 To provide the staff of FAO and the World Bank, and their counterparts in
client countries, with a common set of principles to guide their work in
client countries, with a common set of principles to guide their work in
agricultural education, research and extension.
agricultural education, research and extension.
 To ensure synergies from complementary investments in education, research
 To ensure synergies from complementary investments in education, research
and extension, resulting in more effective and efficient systems.
and extension, resulting in more effective and efficient systems.

6
AKIS/RD
AKIS/RDmodel
model
• This model suggests that the policy, physical and human resources,
• This model suggests that the policy, physical and human resources,
communications and institutional elements should be connected to each of the
communications and institutional elements should be connected to each of the
four main sets of institutions- Research, Extension, Education and support
four main sets of institutions- Research, Extension, Education and support
system- which themselves should include both public and private sector entities.
system- which themselves should include both public and private sector entities.

Research Extension
Research Extension

Agricultural
Agricultural
producers
producers

Support
Support
system Education
system Education

7
 Extension
Extensioncontributors
contributorsininthe
theAKIS
AKIS
NGO’s Schools Political party
NGO’s Schools Political party

Producer’s market State farms

Producer’s market State farms

Farm organizations Agriculture related

Farm organizations Agriculture
ministriesrelated
Agricultural ministries
Agricultural
(FOOD
Universities (FOOD
PRODUCERS)
Universities PRODUCERS)
extension Research institutions
extension
system Research institutions
system
Farm input retailers
Farm input retailers
National commission for
National commission
extension education for
extension education

Ministry of agriculture
Ministry of agriculture
8
Factors
Factorsininsuccessful
successfultechnology
technologytransfer
transfer
 Cultural  Social
 Cultural  Social
• Beliefs • Level of education
• Beliefs • Level of education
• Complexity • Community interaction
• Complexity • Community interaction
• Observability • Communication channel
• Observability • Communication channel
• Values
• Values
 Political  Economical
 Political  Economical
• Personality • Viability
• Personality • Viability
• Strong leadership • Accountability
• Strong leadership • Accountability
• Charisma • Infrastructure facility
• Charisma • Infrastructure facility
• Stability
• Stability

9
Training
Trainingofofstakeholders
stakeholders
• Stakeholders of all those people who have stake in a particular issue
• Stakeholders of all those people who have stake in a particular issue
or system.
or system.
• Stakeholders are “actors” and “interest groups”.
• Stakeholders are “actors” and “interest groups”.
• The word actors stresses that stakeholders are active and interact
• The word actors stresses that stakeholders are active and interact
with each other.
with each other.
• The word actors stresses that stakeholders are grouped according to
• The word actors stresses that stakeholders are grouped according to
a common interest
a common interest
 Why stakeholders perspective important?
 Why stakeholders perspective important?
• Policy formulation
• Policy formulation
• Project formulation
• Project formulation
• Implementation and evaluation
• Implementation and evaluation
• For understanding and analyzing complex situations in natural
• For understanding and analyzing complex situations in natural
resource management.
resource management.

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Challenges of AKIS
Challenges of AKIS
 Most poor people depend on agriculture
 Most poor people depend on agriculture
 Food needs call for steady growth in agriculture production
 Food needs call for steady growth in agriculture production
 Improving rural incomes and raising agricultural production
 Improving rural incomes and raising agricultural production
will often require agricultural intensification.
will often require agricultural intensification.
 agricultural intensification must be balanced with
 agricultural intensification must be balanced with
environmental sustainability.
environmental sustainability.
 Rural people also look to knowledge and information systems
 Rural people also look to knowledge and information systems
for guidance on how to bring about general improvements in
for guidance on how to bring about general improvements in
their livelihoods.
their livelihoods.
 The development of AKIS/RD is attractive to the private
 The development of AKIS/RD is attractive to the private
sector. Major roads that link towns will almost certainly have
sector. Major roads that link towns will almost certainly have
to be built, or at least funded, by government. 
to be built, or at least funded, by government. 

11
Conti…
Conti…
• • Many farmers fail to benefit from technological and
Many farmers fail to benefit from technological and
other
otheradvances.
advances.
• • The AKIS/RD institutions have not been responsive
The AKIS/RD institutions have not been responsive
enough in addressing the problems and opportunities
enough in addressing the problems and opportunities
facing
facingfarmers.
farmers.
• • For people living in this environment, Knowledge is
For people living in this environment, Knowledge is
key.
key.

12
Conclusion:
Conclusion:from
fromidea
ideainto
intoaction
action
• Govt. also needs to create the conditions for developing
• Govt. also needs to create the conditions for developing
AKIS/RD.
AKIS/RD.
• Investment in market development and support to input
• Investment in market development and support to input
providers, especially credit and supply institutions are needed to
providers, especially credit and supply institutions are needed to
stimulate the agricultural community and alteration to the rural
stimulate the agricultural community and alteration to the rural
physical infrastructure is needed to make the environment
physical infrastructure is needed to make the environment
attractive and safe.
attractive and safe.
• Agricultural producers, especially women and poor farmers,
• Agricultural producers, especially women and poor farmers,
require education and training to bring them into the modern
require education and training to bring them into the modern
world of labour-saving technologies and more productive
world of labour-saving technologies and more productive
practices.
practices.
• Joint planning between producers and institutional operators can
• Joint planning between producers and institutional operators can
provide the platform for advancing a demand-driven system of
provide the platform for advancing a demand-driven system of
technological innovation for agricultural development.
technological innovation for agricultural development.

13
Conti…
Conti…
• System leaders and managers need a better understanding of the
• System leaders and managers need a better understanding of the
dynamic nature of both national and international technology
dynamic nature of both national and international technology
systems, and should be able to identify those areas where the
systems, and should be able to identify those areas where the
public system has a comparative advantage over private sector
public system has a comparative advantage over private sector
R&D firms.
R&D firms.
• The benefits from roads will be widely spread and accrue as
• The benefits from roads will be widely spread and accrue as
much to the public as to the private sector regarding access to
much to the public as to the private sector regarding access to
clientele, or potential clientele. In the short and - especially - the
clientele, or potential clientele. In the short and - especially - the
long terms, private sector issues of distribution and dynamic
long terms, private sector issues of distribution and dynamic
efficiency promise to be enhanced as a result of government
efficiency promise to be enhanced as a result of government
commitment to AKIS/RD.
commitment to AKIS/RD.

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THANKS….