DIFFUSE GALACTIC GAMMA

RAYS AS TRACER FOR DARK

MATTER & SUPERSYMMETRY

Dmitri Kazakov
In collaboration with W. de Boer, C. Sander, V. Zhukov (Uni Karlsruhe)
and A. Gladyshev (JINR, Dubna)

Outline
• Diffuse Galactic Gamma Rays A&A 444 (2005)17
PL B636 (2006)13
• Dark Matter Halo Profile PRL 95 (2005) 209001
of the Milky Way
• SUSY WIMPs
• Conclusions
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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
MATTER AND ENERGY CONTENT
OF THE UNIVERSE

HEAVY
HEAVYELEMENTS
ELEMENTS 0.03
0.03%
%

MASSIVE
MASSIVENEUTRINOS
NEUTRINOS 0.3
0.3 %
%

STARS
STARS 0.5
0.5 %
%

HHAND
ANDHe
He 44 %
%

DARK
DARKMATTER
MATTER 23
23 %
%

DARK
DARKENERGY
ENERGY 72
72 %
%

2
Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
EVIDENCE FOR THE DARK MATTER

•THE FLAT ROTATION CURVES OF SPIRAL

GALAXIES PROVIDE THE MOST DIRECT
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF LARGE
AMOUNT OF THE DARK MATTER

• LARGE STRUCTURE FORMATION

• GRAVITATIONAL LENSING

• EXCESS IN DIFFUSE GALACTIC GAMMA

RAYS IN OUR GALAXY ABOVE 1 GEV

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
DIFFUSE GAMMA RAYS FROM THE SKY

4
Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
 EXCESS OF DIFFUSE GAMMAY RAYS
ABOVE 1 GEV

A: inner Galaxy (l=±300, |b|<50) D: low latitude (10-200)

B: Galactic plane avoiding A E: intermediate lat. (20-600)
C: Outer Galaxy F: Galactic poles (60-900) 5
Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
 PHYSICS PROBLEMS
• Cosmologists:
What is CDM and Dark Energy made of?
• Astrophysicists:
What is the origin of excess of diffuse Galactic
Gamma Rays?
• Particle physicists :
Where are the Supersymmetric Particles?
• Astronomers:
Why a change of slope in the galactic rotation curve
at 1.1 R0?
Solution: DM is made of WIMPs which are SUSY
particles distributed in Halo of our Galaxy
with a mass around 70 GeV
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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
EXCESS OF DIFFUSE GAMMAY RAYS WITH
AND WITHOUT DM ANNIHILATION

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
DM NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION FINAL
STATES

Dominant annihilation x-section: B-fragmentation well studied at

 +   A  bb - quark pair LEP!
Yield and spectra of positrons,
gammas and antiprotons well known!

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
BACKGROUND + SIGNAL DESCRIBE
EGRET DATA

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
ANALYSIS OF EGRET DATA IN 6 SKY
DIRECTIONS

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
 FITTED HALO PARAMETERS
Gamma Ray Flux: (<v> from WMAP) Enhancement of
rings over 1/r2
profile 2 and 7,
respectively.
Mass in rings
1.6 and 0.3%
of total DM
H

H2

4 R [kpc]
14 kpc coincides with ring
of stars at 14-18 kpc due
to infall of dwarf galaxy

4 kpc coincides with ring of

neutral hydrogen molecules!
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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
HALLO DENSITY ON SCALE OF 30 KPC

Side view Top view

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 HALO PROFILES
Isothermal cored profile NFW cuspy profile
WITHOUT rings WITH rings WITHOUT rings WITH rings

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ROTATION CURVE FOR THE MILKY WAY

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DO OTHER GALAXIES HAVE BUMPS IN
ROTATION CURVES ?

15
Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
DIFFUSE GAMMA RAYS IN EGRET ENERGY
RANGE

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CLUSTERING OF DM BOOSTS ANNIHILATION
RATE ~ SQUARE OF DM DENSITY

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 SUSY DARK MATTER
Neutralino = SUSY candidate for the cold Dark Matter
Neutralino = the Lightest Superparticle (LSP) = WIMP

 0  N   N z  N H 10  N H 02
1 2 3 4

photino zino higgsino higgsino

M exp  40 GeV

M theor  40  400 GeV

R  (1)3( B  L )  2 S • Superparticles are created in pairs

• The lightest superparticle is stable
R p  1, Rp  1
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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
GAUGINO CONTENT OF THE
LIGHTEST NEUTRALINO

The lightest neutralino is

almost bino – the superpartner
of a photon
DM = superpartner of the CMB

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
ALLOWED SUSY PARAMETER SPACE

Stau coannihilation MSUGRA can fulfill

0 all constraints from WMAP,

ance LEP, b->s, g-2 and EGRET
s on
m A re simultaneously, if DM is
neutralino with mass
in range 50-100 GeV and
squarks and sleptons are
O(1 TeV)

m0 common spin 0 mass

m1/2 common spin ½ mass
WMAP
tanβ = v2/v1

High tanβ solution

tanβ = 50
EGRET
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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
EGRET POINT AND MASS SPECTRUM

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FIT TO NEUTRALINO MASS AND
TAN β

Mχ ~ 50-80 GeV, tanβ ~ 50

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 SUSY MASS SPECTRUM
Fitted SUSY Parameters SUSY Masses in GeV
Parameter Value Particle Mass
tan  52.2 1,2,3,4
0
64, 113, 194, 229
m0 1500 1,2

, g 110, 130, 516
m 1/2 170 u 1,2  c 1,2 1519, 1523
Sign  + d 1,2  s1,2 1522, 1524
A(0) 0 t1,2 906, 1046
 s (M Z ) 0.122  1,2
b 1309, 1152
 em ( M Z ) 0.0078153697 e1,2  

1,2 1497, 1499
Sin 2W |MS 0.2314 1,2 1305, 1288
mt 175 GeV e , , 1495, 1495, 1286

mb 4.214 GeV h, H, A, H 115, 372, 372, 383

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
 DIRECT DM SEARCHES
Spin-independent Spin-dependent

DAMA N
PLI
ZE
iss
el we
Ed
MS
CD

Projections

Predictions from EGRET data assuming Supersymmetry

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Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006
 SUMMARY
EGRET excess shows all key features from DM annihilation:
Excess has same shape in all sky directions: everywhere it is
perfectly (only?) explainable with superposition of
background AND mono-energetic quarks of 50-100 GeV
Excess follows expectations from galaxy formation:
1/r2 profile with substructure, visible matter/DM0.02
Excess connected to MASS, since it can explain
peculiar shape of rotation curve

These combined features provide FIRST (>10) EVIDENCE that DM

is not so dark and follow ALL DMA expectations imagined so far.
Conventional models CANNOT explain above points
SIMULTANEOUSLY,
especially spectrum of gamma rays in all directions,
shape of rotation curve, stability of ring of stars at 14 kpc,..
Results in perfect agreement with SUPERSYMMETRY and
predicts neutralino mass around 70 GeV accessible by LHC 25
Quarks’06, Repino, 20 May, 2006