MIT-WPU | School of Pharmacy

WORLD’S FIRST UNIVERSITY

FOR LIFE TRANSFORMATION

3. EFFECT OF DRUGS ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE OF DOG.

 Reference books

1. A Practical book of Pharmacology II by Dr. Pankaj M. Choudhari, Dr. Dheeraj T. Baviskar and Dr.

Prakash Patil, PV books, S Vikas and company (medical publishers) Jalandhar, 2019.

2. Ghosh M.N., Fundamentals Of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd Edition.

3. Kulkarni S.K., Practical Pharmacology And Clinical Pharmacy, Vallabh Publication,.

4. A practical book of Pharmacology-II by Hemant Suryawanshi, Mukesh Patel and Sunil Pawar,

Nirali Prakashan, Second edition, January 2020.

5. X-cology software CD for demonstration

 Theory
Dog’s
• Dogs (especially beagles (puppy) are widely used in biomedical research, testing, education
because they are gently and easy to handle. They are used as models for human and
veterinary diseases in cardiology, endocrinology, bone and joint studies that tend to be highly
invasive. They are used for the safety assessment of new drugs for human or veterinary use
after using drugs in rodents as per regulations. The normal values in dogs are
• Blood Pressure:
• Systolic: 110-160 mm of Hg, Diastolic 60-90 mm of Hg, Normal BP: 85-120 mm of Hg
• Heart rate: 60-100 beats. Young doggies ordinarily have higher pulses: upto 180 beats for
every moment.
• Respiratory rate: standard respiratory rate for 10-34 breaths for each moment.
• Body temperature: canine normal body temperature is between 100.5-102.5 F (38-39.20C)
 Requirement & Drugs
• Apparatus: • Isoprenaline: 100 µg/ml

• Research Kymograph, operation table, U • Tolazoline: 1 mg/ml

shaped mercury manometer tuberculine • Atropine: 1 mg/ml
syringe. Burette arterial venous and • Propranolol: 1 µg/ml
tracheal cannula, connecting rubber tubing, • Mepyramine: 1 mg/ml
dissection box, cotton and thread.
• Animal: Dog, Sex male, Weight 10 kg
• Sodium citrate: 8.5 % (anticoagulant) • Anesthesia used: Morphine + urethane (1.5
• Heparin: 500 IU (Anticoagulant) gm/kg)
• Adrenaline: 100 µg/ml
• Normal saline: 0.9 NaCl
• Acetylcholine: 100 µg/ml
• Morphine: 1 µg/kg
• Histamine: 100 µg/ml
• Urethane: 1.5 gm/kg • Noradrenaline: 100 µg/ml
 Principle
• Drug-induced effects on the cardiovascular system remain a major cause of drug
attrition.

• While hemodynamic i.e blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and electrophysiological
methods have been used in testing drug safety for years, animal models for assessing
myocardial contractility are used less frequently and their translation to humans has not
been established clearly.

• The goal of these studies is to determine assessment of contractility and hemodynamics

of heart, by administering drugs on heart to detect clinically relevant positive and
negative effects on myocardial contractility, blood pressure and rate of heart.
• Adrenaline (Adr): It is sympathomimetic catecholamne which produces effect through alpha, beta
1 and beta 2 receptors. As a result of beta 1 receptor stimulation there is increase in heart rate, force
of contraction and thereby increase in BP. Noradrenaline (NA): it is sympahomimetic
catecholamine having alpha receptor action. HR is slightly decreased with NA. Rise in BP due to
vasoconstriction.

• Isoprenaline (ISP): it is sympathomimetic amine and produces specific beta 1 and beta 2 receptor
actions. Beta1 receptor stimulation produces increase in BP and HR. As drug reaches periphery,
there is vasodilation and decrease of BP.

• Acetylcholine (Ach): It is parasympathomimetic amine which stimulates both muscarinic and

nicotinic receptors. In low doses, it produces only muscarinic receptor action and hence there is fall
in BP due to dilatation of blood vessels. HR no change. In high doses, Ach acts on nicotinic
receptors present on skeletal muscle and autonomic ganglia blocking muscarinic receptors.
Autonomic ganglia is stimulated due to which there is rise of BP
Sr. No.
Drug and dose Blood pressure and heart rate

Adrenalin ( 2 mg/kg) First increase then decrease of BP and HR

Nor adrenaline (3-5 mg/kg) BP increase, HR decrease

Isoprenaline ( 2 mg/kg) BP increases with HR, later BP decrease.

Acetylcholine ( 2 mg/kg) Fall in BP, slowing of heart.

Histamine ( 2 mg/kg) Fall in BP.

 Drugs and their blockers
• Propranolol: The response of isoprenaline is blocked by Ppl.

• Phentolamine: the response of noradrenaline is blocked by phentolamine i.e alpha blocker

• Mepyramine: The response of histamine is blocked by mepyramine.

 Short Questions

1. What is normal blood pressure in dogs?

2. Explain action of adrenaline on dog heart.

3.  Explain effect of isoprenaline on dog heart.

4. Discuss complications of hypertension in humans.

THANK YOU
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