RESEARCH PRACTICE

What is good research practice?

• Ethics and integrity

• Researcher identification
• Research workforce issues
• Mentoring guidelines for researchers
• Public engagement guidelines
• Dealing with issues and concerns about conduct
• Publishing guidance
COPE
• The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a forum for editors of
peer-reviewed journals to discuss issues related to the integrity of the
scientific record. It supports and encourages editors to report, catalogue
and instigate investigations into ethical problems in the publication
process.
• COPE was founded in 1997 by a group of medical journal editors
concerned about publication misconduct, e.g. plagiarism, attempted or
actual redundant publication, attempts to pass off fraudulent data,
unethical research, breaches of confidentiality, and so on. Originally a
loose gathering of individuals COPE is now a limited company
("incorporated") and registered charity ("not-for-profit organisation").
WAME
• Established in 1995, WAME (pronounced “whammy”) is a 501(c)(3)
nonprofit voluntary association of editors of peer-reviewed medical
journals from countries throughout the world who seek to foster
international cooperation among and education of medical journal
editors. Membership in WAME is free and all decision-making editors
of peer-reviewed medical journals are eligible to join. Membership is
also available to selected scholars in journal editorial policy and peer
review. WAME has more than 1830 members representing more than
1000 journals from 92 countries
Goals of WAME
• WAME has the following goals:
• to facilitate worldwide cooperation and communication among editors
of peer-reviewed medical journals;
• to improve editorial standards, to promote professionalism in medical
editing through education, self-criticism and self-regulation;
• to encourage research on the principles and practice of medical
editing.
Redundant Publication
Salami Publication
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of
Data
• Many other forms of duplication exist. These types of self-plagiarism are more prevalent and
likely more detrimental to science because they involve the dissemination of earlier published
data that are presented as new data, thereby skewing the scientific record. Bruton (2014) and
others have discussed various other types of duplication. Below are some of the most common
forms.
• Data Aggregation/Augmentation
• Data Disaggregation
• Data segmentation
Other forms of redundancy with or
without text or data duplication

• Reanalysis of the same data. 

• Same data; different conclusions.