Optical current transformer and

its applications

SUMBITED TO- SUBMITED BY-

MR. PRABHAKAR SHARMA SHREYASH SAHAY
(ASST. PROFFESOR).
 OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION


WORKING PRINCIPLE


OPTICAL CURRENT TRANSFORMER


DESIGN OF OPTICAL CURRENT TRANSFORMER


APPLICATIONS


ADVANTAGES


CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION


An accurate electric current transducer is a key
component of any power system instrumentation.


OCT’s defined as sensors that directly or indirectly
use optical sensing methods to measure electric
currents .
Different types of OCT’s are :

 Based on Faraday effect

 Based on interferometric principle

 Based on Bragg Grating

 Micromechanical sensors with optical readout

 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Magnetic OCT measures the electric current by means
of faraday effect.
 Faraday effects comprises principles :

 Polarization of light
Polarization is a property of certain types of waves that
describes the orientation of their oscillations.
 Polarization of light are mainly of three types :

1) Linear polarization
2) Circular polarization
3) Elliptical polarization
DIFFERENT POLARIZATION TYPES
 Linear polarization :
when x and y
components of the
electric field vector E are
in phase.
 Circular polarization :
when x and y
components of the field
vector E have same
amplitude and are 900
phase out.
 Elliptical polarization:
when phase and
amplitude of the x and y
components are
different.
FARADAY EFFECT :

“Michael Faraday discoverd

that the orientation of a linearly
polarized light was rotated under the
influence of the magnetic field when
the light propagated in a piece of
glass and the rotation angle was
propotional to the intensity of the
magnetic field”
 OPTICAL CURRENT TRANSFORMER
MOCT ‘s are another type of transducers ,which
are highly immune to EMI

 MOCT uses optical sensing methods to

measure electric currents.

In the sensors several properties of the signal

carrier(light) can be influenced

MOCT’s are mainly based on Faraday Effect.

The Optical Current transformer basically
consists of: light source, fibre optic cable,
polarizer, modulator and electronics part.
 The MOCT consists mainly of electronic and optic part.

 Light from a source enters an optical fibre polariser,

which splits into two linear orthogonally polarized light.

 Light enters into the sensing head that includes a quarter

wave plate .

 Quarter wave plate splits the two linear orthogonal

waves into right and left hand circularly polarized
 DESIGN OF OPTICAL CURRENT
TRANSFORMER

 Design is divided into two parts: the electronics part

and the optical

 Design of the electronics part again divided into analog

model and digital model

 The analog model of the electronics part is modelled

with complex curve fitting method

 This method is basically to obtain the transfer function

model
 The transfer function obtained is iterated by the Gauss-
Newton method to increase the accuracy

 The above analog model is converted to the digital

model by bilinear transformation

 The bilinear transformation changes stable continuous

time system to stable discrete time system

 Thus the digital model H(z) is obtained from the analog

model H(s)
 The optics model is developed using Jones Calculus
method

 In Jones calculus method polarised light is represented

by a corresponding Jones Vector

 And the optical element is represented by a

corresponding Jones Matrix
 APPLICATIONS

 The MOCT is designed to operate in a transparent

manner with modern electronic meters and digital relays,
which have been adopted for a low energy analog signal
interface.

 Makes the output signal insensitive to shock & vibration.

 Most suited for outdoor type applications.

Eg.substations

 Accurate measurement of fault currents.

 ADVANTAGES
 No risks of fires & explosions.

 High immunity to Electromagnetic interferences.

 Wide frequency response.

 Larger Dynamic Range.

 Low voltage outputs-compatible with the inputs of

digital to analog converters.

 No need to use metallic wires to transfer the signal and

so simpler insulation structure than conventional current
transformer.
 OCT analog output may have significant white noise ,
but the white noise does not affect the accuracy or
protection performance.

 Temperature up to 500c do not adversely affect the

performance of the OCT.

 No requirement for oil or gas insulation system ,

environmentally safe.

 No magnetic core ferroresonance or saturation limits.

 Total isolation from surges for microprocessor based

meters and relays.
 CONCLUSION
 A new type of current transducer is introduced known as
magneto optical current transducer.

 This magneto optical current transducer eliminates many

of the drawbacks of the conventional current
transformers.

 By applying Faraday’s principle this transducer provides

an easier and more accurate way of current
measurements. This MOCT is widely used in power
systems and substations nowadays.
THANKYOU