Heat and Phase

Change
Latent Heat
Done by L. Green
Changes of State
Substances will become a solid at very cold temperatures even if that substance
is a gas. Example dry ice.
While
Substances will change from solids to liquids or gases at high temperatures ( if
they do not catch fire or decompose first)
Melting point of a substance is the single temperature at
which that substance changes from solid to liquid

Boiling point of a substance is the single temperature at

which the substance changes from liquid to gas.

When a body is heated, the heat energy is converted into

internal energy of the substance.

This heat energy may either increase the average kinetic

energy of the molecules or increase the potential energy.

The heat cannot do both at the same time.

Recall:
Kinetic Theory – all substance can be thought of as vibrating molecules
connected by bonds.
What happens to the temperature of a
substance as it changes state?
Heating Curve – ice below 0⁰C to steam
at temperatures above 100⁰C
A – rise in temperature as ice absorbs heat
B – absorption of latent heat of fusion
C – Rise in temperature as liquid water
absorbs heat
D – Water boils and absorbs latent heat of
vapourization.
E – Steam absorbs heat and thus increase
its temperature

If the process is reversed a cooling

curve is obtained. (Flat parts of curve
indicates phase change).
Results – the cooling curve for napthelene
 When water is heated its temperature rises
until it boils. The temperature does not
rise anymore but the water changes to
steam.
Latent Heat The energy supplied to the boiling water is
of used to break the bonds between the
molecules in the liquid.
Vaporization
The heat used to change a liquid to a gas
is called the latent heat of vaporization.
Specific Latent heat of vapourization

  
Specific Latent heat of vapourization is the
quantity of heat energy required to
change the mass of 1kg of a liquid into
vapour without a change in temperature.

= J/kg
 Similarly when you heat a mixture of ice and water at 0
degree celcius for a short while and the content is stirred
to ensure an even temperature then the temperature is
still 0 degree Celsius. Some of the ice melts but no
temperature rise occurs.

Latent Heat The energy that melts the ice is called the latent heat
of fusion.
of Fusion
This energy is used to break the bonds which hold the
molecules in fixed position in the solid state.
Specific Latent heat of fusion

  
Specific Latent heat of fusion is the
quantity of heat energy required to
change the mass of 1kg of a solid into
liquid without a change in temperature.

= J/kg
“
Watch this!

”
Latent Heat Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3itqmCtmJPc
Try these!

Calculate the quantity of heat required to melt 5 kg of ice. Use specific latent heat of
fusion of ice = 336 000 Jkg-1.

Calculate the quantity of heat required to melt 5 kg of ice and then raise the temperature
of the water formed to 30 o C. Use specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 000 Jkg-1.