Subject

Values, Relationship & Ethical Human Conduct

For A Happy & Harmonious Society
Subject Code:- KOE 076
Unit No.:- 1

Partha Basu
Asst. Prof & PRO
NITRA Technical Campus
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 Content

• Introduction to Value Education

• Basic Aspirations of a Human Being
• Program for fulfill Basic Aspirations
• Need for Family & Relationship for Human Being
• Comprehensive Human Goal
• Need for Undivided Society
• Need for Universal Human Order
• Appraisal of the Ethical State Post Globalisation
• Efforts Needed To Curb Unethical Practices

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 Introduction:
Value Education:
• The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is
valuable’ for human happiness is called value
education.
• Value education is important to help everyone in
improving the value system that he/she holds and puts
it to use.
• Value education enables us to understand our needs
and visualize our goals correctly
• It also helps to remove our confusions and
contradictions and bring harmony at all levels.
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Need for Value Education:
• Correct identification of our aspirations
• Understanding universal human values to fulfill
our aspirations in continuity
• Complementarily of values and skills
• Evaluation of our beliefs
• Technology and human values

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Self-Exploration:
• Self-Exploration is the process to find out what is
valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is
right for me, true for me, has to be judged within
myself.
• Through Self-Exploration we get the value of our self. 
• We live with different entity (family, friends, air, soil,
water, trees, etc.) and we want to understand our
relationship with all these.
• The main focus of Self-Exploration is myself - the
human being.

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Process of Self-Exploration:

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Basic Human Aspirations:

• Our basic aspirations are happiness (mutual

fulfillment) and prosperity (mutual prosperity).

• Happiness is ensured by the relationships with

other human beings.

• Prosperity is ensured by working on physical

facilities.
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Program To Fulfill The Basic
Human Aspirations:

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 Need for Family and Relationship for a Human
Being:

• We live in a family. In family we have relationships

where we interact with other human beings.

• Family is the foundation of society, and provides the

basis of continuity of human tradition on the earth.

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Harmony in the Family:
1. Relationship is-between I & I.

2. There are feelings in relationship- of one I

with other.

3. These feelings can be recognized- they are

finite.

4. Their fulfillment and evaluation leads to

Mutual Happiness.
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Human-Human Relationship:
• A relation between people i.e. the relationship
between mothers and their children, husbands and
wives, neighebours and friends etc.
• A personal relation between persons.
• A partnership relationship is a cooperative
relationship between people or groups who agree to
share responsibility for achieving some specific
goal.
Eg: learning is a partnership between the school, its
teacher and the students.
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 Human Behavior:
• Human behavior refers to the way human acts and
interacts.
• It is experienced throughout an individual’s entire
lifetime.
• It includes the way they act based on different factors
such as genetics, social norms,core faith and attitude.
• Studied by the social sciences, which include
psychology, sociology, economics and anthropology.
• Behaviour changes throughout an individual’s life, as they
move through different stages of life.
• For example: Adolescence, Parenthood and Retirement.
• Human Behaviour is shaped by psychological traits.
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 Role of behavior in its fulfillment:
The human behaviour depends on the nine values in relationship:
1. Trust
2. Respect
3. Affection
4. Care
5. Guidance
6. Reverence
7. Glory
8. Gratitude
9. Love

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1.Trust (viswas): To be assured that the other
human being wants to make me happy &
prosperous.
2. Respect (samman): Respect is right
evaluation of a man.
3.Affection (Sneha ) :The feeling of acceptance
of the other as one’s relative
4.Care (Mamta ): The feeling of
responsibility of nurturing and protecting
the body of the relative.
5.Guidance (Vatsalya ): The feeling of
ensuring right understanding and feeling
in the ‘I’ of the relative.

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6.Reverence (Shradha ): The feeling of
acceptance for one’s excellence.
7.Glory ( Gaurava): The feeling for someone
who has made efforts for excellence.
8.Gratitude ( Kritagyata ): The feeling of
acceptance for those who have made effort for
my excellence.
9.Love ( Prem ): The feeling of being related to
all, to every unit in existence, the entire
existence.

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 Human-Rest of Nature Relationship:
• Nature is the whole of the physical world and exists
outside of any human action.
• Man is in nature and also acts upon it for own cause.
• He is both part of and apart from nature.
• Overfishing and other examples of over-exploitation
of natural resources can result in damage/loss of entire
ecosystems.
• An ecosystem includes all the living organisms
( humans, plants ,animals ,micro - organisms)
and their physical environment(soil, water, air, land)
and the interactions between them.
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 Role of work in its fulfillment:
• Environmental Protection is the practice of protecting
the natural environment by individuals,organisations
and governments.
• Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the
existing natural environment and, where possible to repair
damage and reverse trends.
• Everything humans need such as food, water, medicine,
materials for shelter and even natural cycles such as climate
and nutrients is provided by the natural world around as
• Here then is a selective sampling of nature’s
importance to our lives.
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Comprehensive Human Goal:

• Comprehensive human goal is required in

order to facilitate the fulfillment of the basic
aspirations of all human being in the society
• It also enhances the comprehensive values that
join these human being together.
• The following human goals needs to be
understood.

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ROE 088/ Unit-I 19
 Program needed to achieve the
Comprehensive Human Goal:
Five Dimensions of Human Order( Manaviya
Vyavstha ):
1. Education- Right living (Sikhsa- Sanskar)
2. Health – Self-regulation (Swasthya- Sanyam)
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya- Suraksha)
4. Production – Work ( Utpadan – Karya)
5. Exchange – Storage ( Vinimya – Kosh)

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 Need for Undivided Society:
• Undivided Society (Akhanda Samaja) - feeling
of being related to every human being.
• An undivided human centric society is one of
the higher human goals.
• Akhand Samaj is the state of the society where
all people of different religion and thought
process live together and work towards
betterment of the society.

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 Understanding the harmony in the Society
• Society is the extension of family.
• Harmony in the family is the building block for
harmony in the society.
• Harmony in the society leads to an undivided
society (Akhand Samaj) when we feel related
with each other.

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Various Activities to form Undivided Society:

• Educating society through workshops,

seminars and street plays.

• Value education in educational institutions.

• Helping to apply values to the real world.

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 Need for Universal Human Order:
• Universal human order (sarvabhauma vyavastha)
is a feeling of being related to every unit including
human beings and other entities of nature. 

• Having understood the comprehensive human

goal, we are able to be in harmony not only with
human beings, but also with the rest of the nature. 

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• We are able to see that we are related to every
unit in nature and ensure mutual fulfillment in
that relationship. 

• On the basis of understanding of harmony, we

get the notion of an undivided society and
universal human order.

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• The universal human order will comprise of:
1.The five dimensions of human endeavor
(education, health, justice, production and
exchange) towards a fragmented society.
2.The steps of organization from family to world
family, each anchored in right understanding
will integrated in the following way:
• Family=>familycluster =>village/community 
=>village cluster =>world family

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 Content
1:-An Appraisal of the Current State
3:-Unethical Practices
3.1:-Examples of Unethical Practices
3.2:-Causes of Unethical Practices
4:-Categories of Unethical Practices
5:-Steps to proactively address unethical practice at
work

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An Appraisal of the Current State:
• India is both a beneficiary and a victim of the effects of
globalization.
• India is developing rapidly, but if not careful, this can
create lack of regard for an ethical society and
encourage rampant corruption in life.
• The drive for accumulating physical facilities has
become the sole goal of the young people,
• Unfortunately in most of the cases they are driven by
their parents and peers to work within a competitive
mental framework.
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• This causes an intense pressure on young
people to perform at the cost of everything
else sacrificing peace of mind.
• Trouble pours in family as relationships are
weakening.
• Disregard for underprivileged hence disregard
for ethical life.
• The unethical practices are rapidly increasing
and their impact is also becoming far-reaching.

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Unethical Practices:
• Unethical Practice is an action that falls
outside of what is considered morally right or
proper for a person, a profession or an
industry.

• Individuals can behave unethically, as can

businesses, professionals and politicians.

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 Examples of Unethical Practices:
• Exploiting workers.
• Over-billing customers.
• Exploiting tax loopholes.
• Dumping toxins into the air or water.
• Prescribing unnecessary medical procedures.
• Covering up car defects.
• Creating fake identities.

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• Lying to your spouse.
• Lying to your parents.
• Stealing money and goods.
• Lying on your resume in order to get a job.
• Talking about a friend behind his back.
• Taking credit for work you did not do.
• Other unethical practices include not paying
workers a fair wage, employing children under
the legal working age and unsafe or unsanitary
working conditions.
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Causes of Unethical Practices in Professional World
• Company may have no sense of ethics.
• Employees not knowing about right and wrong
• Fear of punitive action
• Impact of peer influence
• Corruption in multiple forms and at various levels
• Tax evasion and misuse of public funds
• Misleading propaganda , unethical
advertisements and sale promotion
• Cut-throat competition
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• Exploiting the weakness of consumers through
various enticements
• Adulteration and spurious production
• Endangering the health and safety of public at
large
• Hoarding and over-charging etc.

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 Efforts Needed To Curb Unethical Practices
in Human History

•Create a Code of Ethics in the organisation for all

•It is the set of rules and regulations that need to be
followed by all staff of the workplace
•Trust and mutual respect for your colleagues at work
•Hire Right People for the organization
•Develop People’s Understanding in the organisation
•Encourage people to do the Right Thing

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 Efforts Needed To Curb Unethical Practices
in Human History

• Put proper Controls in Place

• Empower employees
• Ensure Transparency, Openness and
Communication within the organisation
• Provide good Leadership
• Periodically review the whole system

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