LIFE SCIENCE SEMINAR

TOPIC: RNA AND ITS TYPES

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. ARSHI HUSSAIN

MADE BY TULSI
COURSE: MSC CHEMISTRY, SEM 1
TABLE OF CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RNA
 DISCOVERY OF RNA
 STRUCTURE OF RNA
 TYPES OF RNA
 FUNCTIONS OF RNA
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RNA AND DNA
INTRODUCTION

• RNA STANDS FOR RIBONUCLEIC ACID

• IT IS CALLED NUCLEIC BECAUSE IT IS
SYNTHESISIED IN THE NUCLEUS
• IT IS CALLED RIBO AS IT CONTAINS A
FIVE – CARBON SUGAR WHICH IS
RIBOSE
• IT IS AN ACID ITS NATURE IS ACIDIC
DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHORIC
ACID
CHARACTERISTICS OF RNA

i. IT HAS SINGLE STRANDED STRUCTURE

ii. IT CONTAINS RIBOSE SUGAR
iii. IT IS PRESENT IN BOTH NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM
iv. IN RNA PENTOSE SUGAR IS RIBOSE SUGAR
v. IT IS INVOLVED IN THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
vi. IN RNA THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF NITROGENEOUS BASES
 Adenine
 Guanine
 Cytosine
 Uracil
DISCOVERY OF RNA

 THE DISCOVERY OF RNA BEGAN WITH

THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS BY
FRIEDRICH MIESCHER IN 1868 WHO
CALLED THE MATERIAL NUCLEIN
SINCE IT WAS FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS.
IT WAS LATER DISCOVERED THAT
WHILE DNA IS PRESENT ONLY IN THE
NUCLEUS OF THE CELL, RNA IS FOUND
IN BOTH THE NUCLEUS AS WELL AS
THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL.
STRUCTURE OF RNA
TYPES OF RNA

 mRNA (Messenger RNA)

 tRNA( Transfer RNA)
 rRNA ( Ribosomal RNA)
MESSENGER RNA

 It takes the information from DNA to ribosome for

protein synthesis
 Messenger RNA is the 3 to 4% of total RNA
 In these mRNA, information is present in the form
of codons
 Length of mRNA depends upon the protein size
 It is the largest RNA molecule
TRANSFER RNA

 It pick up the amino acid and arrange them into

polypeptides chain according to the information on
messenger RNA
 It is the 10 – 20% of total RNA
 It is a small molecule compare to the other types of
RNA
 Each transfer RNA is specific for specific amino
acid
RIBOSOMAL RNA

 They are the integral part of ribosome

 They are type of RNA which are present on
ribosome and reads the message of mRNA
 It is about 80% of the total RNA
 rRNA provides the site for protein synthesis
FUNCTIONS OF RNA
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DNA AND RNA
THANK YOU