ART AND DESIGN

Name – Rushi R. Patel

Roll no. - 18
 Content
1. Introductory question
2. Potable laptop table
• Introduction
• History
• Art nouveau furniture design
• Design

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1.Introductory question

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Meaning of Art and Design

• Design and Art in today's world is defined usually by the individual

artist and what the artist wishes to share from his or her perspective.
Historically with artists one who is trained in the expertise and
understanding in what one sees, in matters of taste and etiquette in
art and design was defined by a complex criterion of high quality raw
materials, fine craftsmanship, aesthetics and individual cultural
significance.
What are the roots? Causes of Art and Design ?

• The history of art focuses on objects made by humans in visual form

for aesthetic purposes.
• Visual art can be classified in diverse ways, such as separating fine
arts from applied arts; inclusively focusing on human creativity; or
focusing on different media such as
 architecture, sculpture, painting, film, photography, and graphic
arts. In recent years, technological advances have led
to video art, compute art, performance art, animation, television,
and videogames.
• The history of art is often told as a chronology
of masterpieces created during each civilization. It can thus be
framed as a story of high culture, epitomized by the Wonders of the
World.
• On the other hand, vernacular art expressions can also be integrated
into art historical narratives, referred to as folk arts or craft.
• The more closely that an art historian engages with these latter
forms of low culture, the more likely it is that they will identify their
work as examining visual culture or material culture, or as
contributing to fields related to art history, such
as anthropology or archaeology. In the latter cases, art objects may
be referred to as archeological artifacts
Needs of Art and Design

• Creating art is a primal behavior. Children, the world over,

instinctively make. Every culture has art. Like language and laughter,
art is a fundamental human behavior. Put very simply, art is a part of
who we are.  We need art because it makes us complete human
beings.
• Art, like language, is a medium to express ideas and to share
information.  Art offers us a method to communicate what we may
not necessarily fully understand or know how to express. Art helps
us to share thoughts, ideas and visions that may not be able to be
articulated any other way. We need art to have a full range of
expression
• Creating or experiencing art can relax and sooth us or it may enliven
and stimulate us. The process of creating art engages both the body
and the mind and provides us with time to look inward and reflect. 
Experiencing art also gives us reason to think and be reflective or
may inspire us to get up and dance.  Art provides a release, a place
for reflection and away to engage our whole selves. .We need art to
keep us healthy.
• Art is a history lesson, an historical record, a preservation of culture,
and an autobiography all in one.  Art documents events and
experiences and allows us a richer understanding of history. Art
reflects cultural values, beliefs and identity and helps to preserve the
many different communities that make up our world. Art chronicles
our own lives and experiences over time. We need art to understand
and to share our individual and shared history.
• The creation of art is a collective activity. Art forms such as dance,
theatre and choir all require a group of artists and an audience. Even
the solitary painter or poet relies upon the craft of the paint-maker
or book-binder to help create art. Art offers us a reason to come
together and share in an experience. We need art to keep us
connected.
Difference between Art, Craft and Design

• Art is an end all on its own, in and of itself. We appreciate art

because it nourishes the soul.
• Craft combines the means with the end. Crafts are useful in an
everyday sense as well as aesthetically satisfying. 
• Design is a means to another end. Design usually facilitates sales or a
superior product experience.
• This is all semantics, but it’s interesting to consider how creative
expression splits into these categories and the economic effects of
dividing it up.
• None of the three types art, craft, or design is inferior to either of
the other two. They just have different purposes and cultural
connotations. 
TIMELINE

•  Arts and Crafts Movement Arts & Crafts 1875-1915 The Arts & Crafts
movement began in Britain as a reaction to the de-humanizing
effects of the late 19th century industrialization. A rose design for
stained glass by E.A Taylor. It was a social and artistic movement of
the second half of the 19th cent. emphasizing a return to handwork,
skilled craftsmanship, and attention to design in the decorative arts,
from the mechanization and mass production of the Industrial
Revolution. 
• Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about
1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art
Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line
and was employed most often in architecture, interior
design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration. It was a
deliberate attempt to create a new style, free of the imitative
historicism that dominated much of 19th-century art and design.
• Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement
that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire
for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, and social
organization which reflected the newly emerging industrial world,
including features such as urbanization, new technologies, and war.
Artists attempted to depart from traditional forms of art, which they
considered outdated or obsolete
• Art Deco, also called style modern, movement in the decorative arts
and architecture that originated in the 1920s and developed into a
major style in western Europe and the United States during the
1930s. Its name was derived from the Exposition International des
Arts Decorative Industrials Moderns, held in Paris in 1925, where the
style was first exhibited. Art Deco design represented modernism
turned into fashion.
• Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture
and design that emerged in the 1930s. It was inspired
by aerodynamic design. Streamline architecture emphasized curving
forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In
industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones,
toasters, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression
of sleekness and modernity
• Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural
movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative
technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel,
and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow
function(functionalism); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection
of ornament . It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and
became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was
gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional
and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture.
What is the purpose of art and design

• Art allows for self-expression. The artist decides what he or she

wants to evoke and works toward that end. It is self-satisfying.
Design is communication and function in visual form, created for the
general population or a segment of it. Design addresses stated needs
and solves problems.
• Art can rely entirely on aesthetics alone, and artists embark on
journeys of exploration and experimentation. Design marries
aesthetics with function to achieve a purpose.
• Art is open to interpretation by the viewer. Design cannot be
interpretive but must communicate specifically and clearly to its
intended audience.
• Art exists for itself. It’s innovative, expressive and sometimes
shocking. Design is practical and carefully crafted. It supports
business, commerce, marketing, entertainment, journalism,
communications and causes.
Does Art, design and craft include aesthetic explain how

• There is still an almost universal failure to recognize the significant

distinction between the artistic and the aesthetic. It is surprising because
when it is pointed out, the distinction is immediately obvious; the
differences are often so significant that it is bizarre to regard the artistic
as of the same kind as the aesthetic. Because of the widespread,
traditional, and unquestioned assumption by philosophers and other
theorists over centuries, I too accepted it at first. But then, one day, it
struck me how absurd it is to regard them as synonymous, or, at least, to
consider the artistic as a species of the aesthetic. It should have been
obvious for years that they are quite different.
• Aesthetics is the field of philosophy that deals with the nature and
appreciation of art, beauty, and taste. Aesthetics is central to any
exploration of art. The word 'aesthetic' has provenance derived from the
Greek "aisthetikos," meaning "esthetic, sensitive, or sentient. Practically,
the aesthetic judgment refers to the sensory contemplation or
appreciation of an object, while artistic judgment refers to the
recognition, appreciation, and criticism of an artwork.
• Sometimes beauty is not the artist's ultimate goal. Art is intended to
appeal and connect with human emotion. Artists may express
something so that their audience is stimulated in some way—creating
feelings, religious faith, curiosity, interest, identification with a group,
memories, thoughts, or creativity.
2. PORTABLE LAPTOP TABLE

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POTABLE LAPTOP TABLE

• Table with legs that fold up against the table top. This is intended to make
storage more convenient and to make the table more portable. Many
folding tables are made of lightweight materials to further increase
portability.
• Potable laptop desks are advantageous for the laptop as well its users.
• While we many work on a desk at our workplace, the same is not followed
at home. Most of us spend our time with laptops on couches and beds,
which can result to bad posture or back aches easily.
• Portable laptop desks provide a stable base and an optimum height to the
laptop, which in turn helps to sit straight while we use it.
• A portable laptop table makes activities like reading, online meeting, eating
much more comfortable for our bodies and hands which in turn reduces
the stress on our muscles.

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HISTORY

• The history of the folding table may date back as far as ancient Egypt. By
the Colonial and Victorian eras, the tables were common.
• During the 20th century, folding tables became an inexpensive item
manufactured and sold in large quantities.
• In the 1940s, Durham Manufacturing Company was marketing a basic
model. In 1951, Boris Cohen and Joseph Pucci patented the first table that
could be easily carried around. It was widely used by paper-hangers and
handymen, and is fairly indistinguishable from present day aluminum
folding tables. In the 1950s and 1960s, Falco and Samsonite tables were
popular.
• In the 1990s and 2000s, American manufacturer Lifetime Products became
the world's largest producer of folding tables.
• In 2018, the Engineering Service Company Kynetek designed and filed
patent application for its low profile, foldable pickup truck tailgate table.
This fold-up table, available under the label EEZTOP table is a perfect
companion for any outdoor activity, from picnic to fishing, hunting and
camping, as well as for professional work environments as outdoor
computer desk, outdoor meeting table etc. 21
16th century folding table 1950s folding table

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 Portable writing desk, Philadelphia,
1776
Henry VIII's writing desk is
a portable writing desk, made
in about 1525-26 for Henry VIII,
and now in the Victoria and
Albert Museum.
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• For several hundred years the term “desk” implied something portable,
even when fitted with small drawers and made large enough to store
several books and various writing tools.

• The word “desk” originated from the Modern Latin word “desca” which

means “table to write on”, from the mid-14th century. The word desk has
been used figuratively since 1797.

• Refinements to the first desk forms were considerable through the 19th
century, as steam-driven machinery made cheap wood-pulp paper possible
towards the end of the first phase of the Industrial Revolution. This allowed
an increase in the number of white-collar workers. As these office workers
grew in number, desks were mass-produced for them in large quantities,
using newer, steam-driven woodworking machinery. This was the first sharp
division in desk manufacturing.

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A number of these styles have been revived over and over, and still
inspire reproductions in their likeness. Some also overlap in their
descriptors. These include slant-fronts like the escritoire and fall-fronts
like the butler's desk, among a number of others. 25
Bureau Mazarin The Bureau Mazarin is an early type
of kneehole desk dating from the
1660s, with two or three tiers of
drawers on each side, a small central
drawer, and a drawer in the kneehole
space as well. It usually has eight (but
sometimes four) turned legs resting
on toupie feet, connected with X-
stretchers or H-stretchers.
Developed in France, and associated
with Louis XIV-style furniture, the
Bureau Mazarin was usually quite
ornate and lavishly adorned with
Boulle marquetry. The name, which
literally means "Mazarin's desk" is a
19th-century term, referring to
Cardinal Jules Mazarin, who ruled as
Louis' regent from 1642-1661

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Butler's Desk
Often referenced as a butler's chest, this
is a type of drop-front desk, fairly short
and compact but substantial and square
in shape. The interior contains several
small drawers, cubbyholes, and letter
slots surrounding a central door. Some
models also have two exterior
compartments flanking the fall front. The
lower half usually has three to four
drawers or, occasionally, shelves behind
two doors.
Dating from the late 18th century, and
continuing in popularity for the next 100
years, this desk usually reflects
predominant furniture styles of the
period in details such as the feet or
ornamentation. Sometimes referenced as
a butler's chest since, when closed, it
resembles a chest of drawers. 27
Cheveret
The Cheveret is a variety of small, delicate
stand or desk, specifically of the type
commonly referred to as a "ladies writing
desk." Distinguished by the multi-
drawered setback chest or bookcase on
the top, the smaller piece has a handle
and is usually detachable while the main
surface typically has a drawer underneath
and often a fold-out or pull-out shelf.
The legs on a Cheveret can be
straight, saber style, or tapering, and are
sometimes connected with a lower shelf
as well. Though probably originating in
France, Cheverets further developed in
England in the latter half of the 18th
century, representing the vogue for light,
portable furniture. They continued to be
popular into the Regency period, until the
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1830s.
Davenport Desk or Ship
Captain's Desk The Davenport is a type of small case desk,
with a slanted and/or pull-out top and a row
of drawers down one or both sides. Some
have one side of working drawers and one
side of faux drawers. Many also have small
front drawers, cubbyholes, hidden
compartments released by a knob in one of
the drawers, or pop-up galleries. 
The Davenport dates from the 1790s,
developed by a British furniture-making firm
named Gillows (also known as Gillow & Co.).
Its name derives from the client it was made
for, a Captain Davenport. Because of this
military connection, and the desk's compact
size and multiple compartments, furniture
historians theorize the piece was originally
intended to be used on a ship, or on military
campaigns. They are sometimes referenced,
in fact, as a ship captain's desk.
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Escritoire

An escritoire is a type of case

furniture, usually a low desk with
a slant top. When open, this
sloping lid forms a surface for
writing or reading (the name
derives from the French word
"écrire", meaning "to write").
Developed in the early 18th
century, the escritoire grew out of
—and the term may still apply to—
a writing box or small cabinet with
a drop-front and drawers or
shelves dating from the Middle
Ages, most likely from Spain.

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Fall-Front Desk

This popular type of desk, also known as a

drop-front, originated in Spain in the 16th
century as the vargueño. Since then it's
been incorporated into many different
desk styles, including the Butler's desk
pictured. 

Kneehole Desk
This type of flat-topped desk, first made in
England in the early 1700s, features a flat
top supported by two banks of drawers or
cabinets separated by a space for the legs
of the person using the desk. It has been
manufactured in many different styles
since its introduction and is still popular
with companies producing Colonial
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reproductions. 
Partner's Desk This antique desk style, popular from the late
1800s through the early 1900s, is said to
have originated in England. Two-sided desks
such as these were often used by bankers
who wished to work together for
convenience. They are the same on each side
allowing individuals to face one another.
Since they are essentially office furniture,
they are usually heavy and well-made from
quality woods such as mahogany or oak.
Some examples have leather tops as well. 
Slant-Front Desk

Slant-front desks have evolved over time,

with the first examples having hinges at the
top. Many different types and styles have
been made with slanted tops since then,
including a number of those shown with this
feature.
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Wooton Desk

This coveted Victorian

desk style was the
executive's choice when it
was first introduced. In
fact, it was deemed "The
King of Desks."
Today collectors relish
finding these marvelous
pieces more as curiosities
and conversation starters
than for their usefulness.

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 Art nouveau furniture design
•  A movement that beginning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
• Mostly appear in Europe, the movement issued in a wide variety of style
• Art Nouveau was aimed at modernizing design, seeking to escape the
eclectic historical styles
• The style went out of fashion after it gave way to Art Deco in the 1920s, but
it experienced a popular revival in the 1960s

Art Nouveau Furniture

• Combination in many different European styles
• The diversity found in Art Nouveau is particularly evident in furniture.
• In essence, three developments can be made out:
1) natural forms designs in France and Belgium
2) geometric shape and pattern in Austria
3) the formal art nouveau, which developed in Germany.
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 Characteristic of Art Nouveau

• Natural forms
• Decorations related to nature: flowers, trees, leaves, vines, plants, and
females with long hair
• Curved & wide lines
• Ornamental motifs (pattern)
• Lines without sharp angles
• The use of everyday objects
• Famous Belgian Art Nouveau furniture designer Apply English principles in
design. Employing dynamic and curvy lines to functionality. He believed in
working with the lines dictated by an object, rather than imposing artificial
ornamentation onto existing features. Henry van de Velde

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Example

TABLE

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TABLE

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An extremely fine and rare caved wood and inlaid
marquetry single drawer “magnolia” desk
decorated with inlaid exotic wood marquetry of
blooming magnolias with a beautifully carved
floral border and beautifully carved legs. The desk
is signed, “L.Majorelle”

This art nouveau desk by louis Majorelle features

carved vine leaves and grapes detailing all around
it and at the bottom of the feet. As such it could
be positioned against a wall or in the middle of a
room. The tabletop is inset with leather and the
drawers lock and open with an original brass key.

A large art nouveau carved mahogany and leather

partners desk circa 1900. intertwined organic
forms, emphasis hand crafting. motif and pattern
based on flora.
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Design

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Design

• Adjustable table legs make

more comfortable for user.
• Natural element add on table
top used as flower pattern, this
pattern is used as art element.
As well as this pattern design for

laptop vent.

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3D views

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THANK YOU

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