Anatomy Of Eye

Shabnum Naseem
Lecturer Surgical Technology

http://everlastingelephants.blogspot.com/2009/08/what-is-eye-
cataract.html
 Eye Anatomy
 The orbital bone
 The eye socket
 Formed by:
 Cheekbone
 Forehead
 Temple
 Side of nose
 Eye is cushioned within orbit by pads
of fat http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_orbit_anatomy_anterior2.jpg

 Lacrimal gland
 Produces tears
 Tears drain through the nasolacrimal
duct

http://mwsu-bio101.ning.com/forum/topics/distinct-human-celltypes-1?commentId=2263214%3AComment%3A10331
 Eye Anatomy
• Eyelids (L):
• Protection:
• Protects eye from foreign matter (dust, dirt, debris)
• Protects against bright light that might damage the eye
• Help spread tears over surface of eye- moist &
comfort
• Eyelashes (L):
• Filter out foreign matter http://www.medical-look.com/human_anatomy/organs/Eyelids_and_eyelashes.html

• prevent it from getting into eye

 Eye Anatomy
• Conjunctiva (Conj):
• Thin, clear layer of skin
• Covering of the front of eye
• Covers the sclera and the inside of the
eyelids
• Function:
• Keeps bacteria and foreign material from getting behind eye

http://www.images.missionforvisionusa.org/anatomy/2005/11/conjunctiva-answers.html
 Eye Anatomy
• Sclera (S):
• “White of the eye”
• Tough, opaque tissue that extends around
the eye
• Surrounds the eye and gives the eye its
shape
• The sclera is attached to the extraocular
muscles

http://www.thirdeyehealth.com/sclera.html
 Eye Anatomy
• Extraocular Muscles
• 6 extraocular muscles that are attached to
each eye
• Help move the eye left, right, up, down and
diagonally
• These 6 muscles are:
• Superior rectus
• Inferior rectus
• Medial rectus
• Lateral rectus
• Inferior oblique
• Superior oblique

http://media.photobucket.com/image/introduction%20to%20eye%20anatomy/trimurtulu/Eye.jpg
 Eye Anatomy
• Cornea (K):
• Clear layer at the front & center of eye
• Located in front of the iris (colored part
of eye)
• Function:
• Focus light as it enters eye
• Avascular
• Only organ that has no blood vessels

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornea.jpg
 Eye Anatomy

• Anterior Chamber (AC):

• Fluid-filled space
• Behind the cornea & in front of the iris
• Fluid = Aqueous humor (AH)
• AH helps nourish the cornea & the lens

http://www.djo.harvard.edu/files/2528_310.jpg

http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/eyedept/angleclosureetc.htm
 Eye Anatomy

 Pupil (P):
 Central opening of iris
 Iris (I):
 Ring shaped tissue
 Colored part of eye
 Controls the amount of light that
enters the eye
 Two muscle fibers:
 Contraction
http://www.bioconsulting.com/Bio_Tech_Assessment.html
 Constricts pupil in bright light
 Dilation
 Dilates pupil in dark

http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/eyedept/angleclosureetc.htm
Eye Anatomy

http://everlastingelephants.blogspot.com/2009/08/what-is-eye-cataract.html
 Eye Anatomy

• Anterior Chamber Angle

• Located where the cornea meets the iris
• Trabecular Meshwork
• Site where aqueous humor drains out of eye
• If AH cannot properly drain out
• Pressure build up inside eye
• Causes optic nerve damage & evetually vision loss =
glaucoma

http://seniorhealth.about.com/library/conditions/blglaucoma2.htm
 Eye Anatomy

• Posterior Chamber (PC):

• Fluid-filled space
• Aqueous Humor!
• Immediately behind the iris but infront of the
lens

http://seniorhealth.about.com/library/conditions/blglaucoma2.htm
 Eye Anatomy

• Crystalline Lens:
• Clear, flexible structure
• Behind the iris & pupil
• Surrounded by a ring of muscular tissue
– ciliary body
• The lens & ciliary body help control fine
focusing of light as it passes through
the eye

http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/artificial-lens-implant-to-give-patients-
high-definition-vision-better-than-2020/2558/
 Eye Anatomy

• Vitreous Chamber:
• Located behind the lens & in front of
the retina
• Filled with a gel-like fluid called the
vitreous humor
• The vitreous help maintain the shape of
the eye
http://www.ophthobook.com/questions/question-how-many-chambers-are-there-in-the-eye
 Eye Anatomy

• Retina:
• Acts like the film in a camera to create an image
• Consists of a specialized layer of cells
• Converts light signals into nerve signal then send
these signals to the optic nerve
• Optic nerve carries the signals to the brain
• The brain helps process the image
• Rods- low light situations hhttp://www1.appstate.edu/~kms/classes/psy3203/EyePhysio/human_retina.htm

• Cones- allows you to see color

http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v13/i1/retina.asp
 Eye Anatomy

 Macula
 Located in the central part of the
retina
 Responsible for giving sharp central
vision
 Used for reading, recognizing faces,
and watching TV
 Any disease that affects the macula
will cause a change & impairment in
the central vision

http://www.dukehealth.org/eye_center/specialties/macular_degeneration/care_guides/macular_degenera
tion_frequently_asked_questions
 Eye Anatomy

• Choroid
• A layer of tissue that is:
• Located under the retina
• Separates retina & sclera
• Mostly made up of blood vessels
• Helps nourish the retina by carrying the
blood supply to the eye’s internal structures

http://www.cnib.ca/en/your-eyes/eye-conditions/amd/the-eye/basics/Default.aspx
 Eye Anatomy

• Optic Nerve
• A bundle of 1 million nerve fibers
• Responsible for transmitting nerve signals
from the eye to the brain
• The optic disc is the front surface of the optic
nerve
• The optic disc is visible on the retina

http://cssd.us/body.cfm?id=802

http://www.wollongong.youronlinecommunity.com.au/wollongong-online/2008/50/walkthrulife/eye-health.html