Dr.

MGR Educational and Research

Institute

Faculty of Architecture
ESTIMATING AND COSTING

By

Er.Ponkumar Ilango.S
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATION 10
Estimation - definition, purpose, types of estimate, and procedure for estimating
the cost of work in order to implement an interior design project or to make
products related to interior design like furniture.
Estimation :- Estimation is the process of Calculating the Probable Cost .

Direct costs are costs and expenses that are accountable directly for a
specific activity in construction work. Some examples of direct costs are:
 – materials
– field workers
– equipment
 
Indirect costs are expenses of items that are not allocated directly for
specific construction activities. These are called overhead costs. 
Examples of project overhead expenditures are:
 
– quality control
– security costs
– utilities
– administrative costs
– temporary structures
– legal fees & permits
FOR CIVIL & INTERIOR WORK –
STANDARED SPECIFICATION

CPWD – Central Public Works Department

PWD - Public Works Department
MES - Military Engineering Service

IS 1200 - Method of Taking Measurement

CONDITION OF THE INDIAN CONTRACT’S

TOTAL CLAUSES - 45
INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATION

Types :
 Preliminary or Approximate estimate
 Rough cost estimate based on plinth area
 Rough cost estimate based on cubic contents
 Detailed estimate
 Annual repair estimate
 Special repair estimate
 Revised estimate
 Supplementary estimate
Purpose of Cost Estimation :-
An estimate is necessary to give the owner
The cost to help him to decide the work can be undertaken
Proposed or needs to be take-up
Depending upon the availability of funds
For government works proper sanction to be allocating the required amount.
Works are often let out on a lump sum basis and detailed.
1. Estimating Materials 
2. Estimating Labor
3. Estimating Plant :- Different kind of equipment needed to complete the
work.
4. Estimating Time
 Preliminary or Approximate estimate
 This estimate is prepared to decide financial aspect
 Policy - Government
 Cost of the proposal to the competent sanctioning authority.
 It should clearly show the necessity of the proposal
 How the cost has been arrived
The following documents should be attached :-
a) Detailed report
b) Site plan of the proposal
c) It should also clearly mention about the acquisition of land,
d) Provision of electric , water supply , Sanitary and Road etc.
 Rough cost estimate based on plinth area
Plinth area of a building - Length x Breadth ( Roofed portion only )
excluding plinth offsets.
The estimates are prepared on the basis of plinth areas of the various
buildings proposed to be constructed.
The rates are being arrived at the dividing the total cost of construction
with its plinth area.
The following documents are attached with the estimate.
(a) Line plan with brief specifications.
(b) Cost of various services added i.e. electric and water supply etc.
(c) North line should be shown clearly on line plan.
Preliminary General Estimation – Breakdown Structure
1. Substructure -8%
2. Shell ( Super structure) - 25 %
3. Interiors ( Standard finish ) - 14 %
4. Service ( Communication & Security ) - 1%
5. Conveying ( Lift ) - 2%
6. Plumbing -4%
7. HVAC - 15 %
8. Fire Protection - 2%
9. Electrical -8%
10. Fittings & Fixed Equipment -1%
11. Special Construction & Demolition - 1%
12. Building Site work
13. Site Preparation - 1%
14. Site Improvements -1%
15. Mechanical Utilities ( Relocation of Major service lines) - 1 %
16. Electrical Utilities ( Relocation of electrical Feeders ) - 1%
17. General Conditions Markups ( Standard ) - 15 %

NAHB - National Association of Home Builders

 60 Feet

48 Feet

30
40 Feet
Building Area Fe
et

ROAD

FIG - 1
Example : From “ FIG – 1”

Preliminary or Approximate estimate :-

Plot Size = 60 feet X 40 feet

= 2400 Sqft
Land Rate = Rs 3200 / Sqft

Plot Cost = 2400 Sqft X Rs 3200.00 A

= Rs 76,80,000.00
 For Construction:

As per CMDA Rule FSI for residential 1.50

Plot Area = 2400 Sft
FSI = 2400 Sft X 1.50
= 3600 Sft
But In plot , the BLGD Coverage 60 %
= 1440 Sft
Ground Floor = 1440 Sft
Total FSI = 3600 Sft
= 3600 – 1440
= 2160 Sft
= 2160 – 1440
= 720 Sft
First Floor = 1440 Sft
Second Floor = 720 Sft.

Plan Approval From Government Authority = Rs 2,50,000

Construction Cost = 3600 Sft X Rs1800 = Rs 64,80,000
Water Connection and service 8% = Rs 5,18,400
Sewerage Connection and service 8% = Rs 5,18,400
Compound wall and Internal ,connecting Rd = Rs 3,50,000
Electricity Approval & Connection = Rs 1,25,000

= Rs 82,41,800 B

Total Cost of the Project = A + B = Rs 1,59,21,800.00

Bill of quantity format :

Measurement
Sl Description of Total Explanatory
Unit Nos Depth Quantity
No Work Length Breadth Qty Note
/Height

Cost Abstract Format :

Sl Details of Item
Unit Qty Rate Per Amount Total Amount Remarks
No
2. Bills of quantities :
2.1 The objects of bills of quantities are:
1. To assist in the accurate preparation of tenders, by providing for measurement of
quantities on a uniform basis
2. To provide a basis for the financial control of a project, in accordance with the
conditions of contract.
2.2 Bills of quantities shall describe and represent the works to be carried out; work
which cannot be measured accurately shall be described as approximate or given
in bills of approximate quantities.
2.3 Conditions of contract, drawings and specifications shall be provided with the bills
of quantities.
2.4 The section headings and classifications do not impose restrictions upon the
format and presentation of bills of quantities.
Necessary for preparing an estimate.
a ) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b) Detailed specifications about workmanship & properties of materials
etc.
c) Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING

1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility
can
be determined i..e whether the project could be taken up with in the funds
available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange
contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds
available
or not.
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF ESTIMATING.
Estimating involves the following operations
1. Preparing detailed Estimate.
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate
1.4 DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE
1. Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.
2. Specifications.
3. Rates.
DRAWINGS
If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the
preparation of estimation become very difficult. So, It is very essential
before preparing an estimate
SPECIFICATIONS
a) General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and
materials in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no
form a general idea of building.
b) Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the
various items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials,
their proportions, the method of preparation workmanship and execution of
work.
RATES:
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are required.
1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item.
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the Interior-construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters,
Mazdoor, etc.,
 NORMAL SHELVES RATE ANALYSIS
Rate Analysis For 100 Sft
           
Material Rate          
  Price in Rs Per   Amount in Rs  
Pre laminated Engineered
wood 35mm thick 150.00 Sft 100 sft 15000 
Edge Band Tape 1500.00 100Ft   750 
Paste Sealent 1000.00 250ml   2000  
Nails   LS   100 
           
           
Labour Rate          
  Rate in Rs Person      
Carpenter 1200.00 3   3600  
Helper 850.00 3   2550  
           
Machine Rent       500  
Tools       1000  
Material Transportation       1200  
Misc       500  
        27200  
           
Profit       10880 
           
    For 100 SFT 38080 
           
      say 381 Sft
           
 QUANTITY SURVEYING

Measurements
Description of Total Explanatory
Sl No Unit Nos Length Breadth Height/ Quantity
Work Quantity Notes
Depth
1 TV Cabin
Sqm 1X1 1.35 1.35 1.825
Main Board
2 TV Cabin Rack
Portion
Sqm 1X2 1.35 0.37 1.00
-Horizontal
Member
3 TV Cabin Rack
Portion
Sqm 1X4 0.37 0.37 0.55
Vertical
Portion
4 TV Cabin Rack
Center Vertical Sqm 1X1 0.45 0.37 0.167 3.542
Portion
Converted In
To
Sqft 38.112 Sqm To Sqft
Multiply by
10.76
 COST ABSTRACT

Total
Rate in Amount
SlNo Details of Item Unit Quantity Per Amount in Remarks
Rs in Rs
Rs
1 TV Cabin Pre-
laminated
Engineered
Sqft 38.112 381.00 sft 14520.67 14,520.67
wood 35 mm
thick

14, 520.00
False Ceiling
 Rate Analysis For Gypsum False Ceiling    
  FOR 100 SFT    
           
Material Cost          
           
  Rate Per   Material Amount
False ceiling Frame- Wall &
Middle Channel Rs 80.00 No (12 feet)   14 Nos 1120.00
False ceiling Vertical Frame-
Angle Rs 85.00 No (12 feet)   12 N0s 1020.00
False Ceiling Gypsum Board Rs 250 .00 One Board( 8'x4')   3.25 Nos 812.5
Connecting Clip SS Rs 135 100 Nos   48 Nos 70.00
Anger Fastner Rs 1.00 No   48 Nos 50.00
Putti Rs 60.00 20 sft   5 kgs 300.00
Paint Rs 520 2 Coat - 100 sft     1040.00
           
Labour Cost          
Fitters Rs 1200.00 Per day /Head     1200.00
Helpers Rs 800.00 Per day /Head     800.00
Painter Rs1200.00 Per day /Head     1200.00
Helpers Rs 850.00 Per day /Head     850.00
           
          8462.50
    Fitting Machine   250.00
    Flat-Stand   200.00
    Misc   500.00
    Profit   1692.500
  100 SFT   11105.00
           
  FOR One SFT   RS 112.00
           
 Rate Analysis For Gypsum False Ceiling + Laminated Novopan Board    
  FOR 100 SFT    
           
Material Cost          
           
  Rate Per   Material Amount
False ceiling Frame- Wall &
Middle Channel Rs 80.00 No (12 feet)   8 Nos 1120.00
False ceiling Vertical Frame-
Angle Rs 85.00 No (12 feet)   8 N0s 1020.00
False Ceiling Gypsum Board Rs 250 .00 One Board( 8'x4')   2.25 Nos 812.5
False Ceiling wooden Frame Rs 650.00 4''X3'' Wood frame 7.9928 nos 5194.8
False Ceiling Pre laminated
Rs 45.00 SFT   50 SFT 2250
Novopan Board
Anger Rod Rs85.00 Nos   24 2040
Connecting Clip SS Rs 135 100 Nos   48 Nos 70.00
Anger Fastner Rs 1.00 No   48 Nos 50.00
Putti Rs 60.00 20 sft   5 kgs 300.00
Paint Rs 850 2 Coat - 100 sft   5 4250.00
Gypindia Self Adhesive
Drywall Joint Tape Rs 150     1 150.00
           
Labour Cost          
Fitters Rs 1200.00 Per day /Head 3  3600.00
Helpers Rs 800.00 Per day /Head 3  2400.00
Painter Rs1200.00 Per day /Head 2  2400.00
Helpers Rs 850.00 Per day /Head 2  1700.00
           
          27357.30
    Fitting Machine   500.00
    Flat-Stand   500.00
    Misc   1500.00
    Profit   5471.460
  100 SFT   35328.76
           
  FOR One SFT   RS 355.00
           
 Laminated Engineered wood board False ceiling
Rate Analysis For 100 Sft
           
Material Rate          
Amount in
Price in Rs Per Rs
     
Pre laminated Engineered
wood 35mm thick 250.00 Sft 100 25000 
Edge Band Tape 1500.00 100Ft   750 
Paste Sealent 1000.00 250ml   2000 
Nails   LS   100 
Ankerfastner - hanger bar       5000 
           
Labour Rate          
  Rate in Rs Person      
Carpenter 1500.00 3   4500 
Helper 850.00 3   2550 
           
Machine Rent       1500 
Tools       1000 
Material Transportation       1200 
Misc       2000 
        45600 
           
Profit       9120 
           
    For 100 SFT 54720 
           
      say 550 Sft
           
 Rate Analysis For Teak wood Flooring For 100 Sft
           
Material Rate          
  Price in Rs Per   Amount in Rs  
Burma Teak wood 25mm to
35mm thick 6000.00 cft 8.333 49998.00 
Paste Sealent 1000.00 250ml   2000.00 
Nails   LS   100.00 
        52098.00 
           
Labour Rate          
  Rate in Rs Person      
Carpenter 1500.00 2   3000 
Helper 850.00 2   1700 
           
Machine Rent       5000 
Tools       1000 
Material Transportation       2500 
Misc       2000 
        67298.00 
           
Profit       13459.6 
           
    For 100 SFT 80757.60 
           
      say 810.00 Sft