CONVERSION OF WASTE PLASTIC

INTO FUEL

A PROJECT
by
Alok Verma (1606451001)
Manish Kumar Yadav (1606451008)
Ritesh Mishra (1706451904)
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Aim of the project
 What is plastic
 Pyrolysis
 Principal of pyrolysis
 Description of equipment
 Advantages
 Applications
 INTRODUCTION

 Plastic play an important role in day-today life, as in certain application they have an edge over
conventional materials. Indeed, their light weight durability, energy efficiency, coupled with a faster rate
of production and more design flexibility have allowed break through in field ranging from non-
conventional energy to horticulture and irrigation, water purification system and even space flight.
 The growth of plastic production has been increasing drastically as it is widely used in many type of
product industry due to its low cost and advantages to the population. But on the other side it being non
bio-degradable i.e. not easily decomposed makes it problem to the environment.
 Waste to energy is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity, heat or fuel.
 It is a form of energy recovery.
 Most waste to energy processes produce energy directly through combustion or produce a combustible
fuel commodity such as methane, ethane or synthetic fuel.
 AIM OF THE PROJECT
 Our project aims to solve the twin problem of environmental pollution due to plastics and the need for
an alternative fuel.
 The main aim of our project is to find a solution to the mounting problem of plastic disposal, for which
the plastics are converted into usable fuel there by making them. environment friendly.
 WHAT IS PLASTIC
• The term plastic includes materials composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, chlorine, and sulphur.
• Plastics are macromolecules, formed by polymerization and having the ability to be shaped by the
application of reasonable amount of heat and pressure or any other form of force.
• It is one of the few new chemical materials which pose environmental problem.
• Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene is largely used in the manufacturing of plastics.
Plastic waste-
• Generally the plastic waste contains about 3-5 wt% PVC, 5-8 wt% PET, 15-20 wt% PP, 20-25 wt%
LDPE, HDPE 10-15 wt%, 7-10 wt% of ABS, Nylon, etc.
Methods for disposal of plastic waste
• There are various methods to dispose waste plastic such as land filling, incineration, blast furnace,
gasification and mostly used recycling, But these also are not able to fill the required disposal of plastic
waste.
DISPOAL METHOD OF PLASTIC
WASTE
 Some method are as following :-
 Ocean Dumping
 Sanitary Landfill
 Incineration
 Open Dumping
 Recycling.
Collection & identification of waste plastic
• The collection of waste plastic is quite an easy task as compared to other waste, the plastic wastes are
abundant and can be obtained in large quantities from the household, roadsides, hospitals, hotels, etc.
• This plastic are usually termed as
POLYETHYLENE (PE)
POLYPROPYLENE (PP)
HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)
LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)
 PYROLYSIS
 Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic matter at high temperature in absence of
oxygen.
 It involves simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase and is irreversible.
 Pyrolysis of organic substances produces gas and liquid products and leaves a solid residue rich in
carbon content, char.
 Pyrolysis differs from other processes like combustion and hydrolysis because it does not involves
reaction with oxygen.
 PRINCIPAL OF PYROLYSIS
• All plastics are polymers mostly containing carbon and hydrogen and few other elements like chlorine,
nitrogen, etc.
• When this long chain of polymers breaks at certain points, or when lower molecular weight fractions
are formed, this is termed as degradation of polymers. This is reverse of polymerization or de-
polymerization.
• If such breaking of long polymeric chain or scission of bonds occurs randomly, it is called random
depolymerization. Here the polymer degrades to lower molecular fragments.
• In the process of conversion of waste plastics into fuels, random depolymerization is carried out in a
specially designed reactor in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of coal and certain catalytic
additives. The maximum reaction temperature is 350 C.
• There is total conversion of waste plastics into value-added fuel products.
 DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT
Reactor flask
• Vessel in (three neck flask) which reaction take place.
Nitrogen cylinder
• Cylinder is attached to the reactor.
• Used to provide inert atmosphere in the reactor by pumping nitrogen from nitrogen cylinder.
• Purpose: plastics feed should not burn instead it should melt at high temperature inside the reactor.
Condenser
• The gaseous output from the reactor is passed through a double walled condenser with inlets and outlets
for cooling water.
• The gaseous hydrocarbons at a temperature of around 350 C are condensed to around 30-35 C.
DESIGN OF APPARATUS
 ADVANTAGE
• Problem of disposal of waste plastic is solved.
• Waste plastic is converted into high fuels.
• Environmental pollution is controlled.
• Industrial and automobile fuel requirement shall be fulfilled to some extent at lower price.
• No pollutants are created during cracking of plastics.
• The crude oil and the gas can be used for generation of electricity.
LIMITATION

High carbon monoxide release during the process compared to currentlly available diesel
in market .
This is very complex process and requries high operational and investments cost .
APPLICATION OF PROJECT AND FUTURE WORK

 Application of this project could help in reducing the dependcy on the golf countries.
 Diesel or oil obtain has a higher efficiency with around 30-40% low production cost
compared to that available in the market.
 As there is a high demand of crude oil and to its sky reaching price . We would take
up this project setup large or small industries and produce the fuel locally at much
cheaper rate directly the benefiting the national economy and also a step toward
SWACHH BHARAT by recycling the waste plastic.
CONCLUSION

 It is very difficult to find the alternative of plastics. Even plastics demand increasing
everyday as well as their waste.
 Implementation of this project can develop so many opportunities in country , state or
city .
 It can be a solution to control waste plastic develop new technique or idea and detect
the source of diesel for the country.
 The waste use in process must be PE or PP or LPDE in order to protect the
contamination of chlorine in the oil.