Gas Power Plants

Muhammad Arif
Department of Electrical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and applied Sciences, Nilore, Pakistan

Source of Lecture Slides:

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.
Operation of Gas Turbine

 Internal combustion (IC)

 Diesel engines
 Gasoline engines
 Open-cycle gas turbines
 External Combustion
 Steam power plants
 Reciprocating steam engines
 Closed-cycle gas turbines
 Stirling engines
 Operation of Gas Turbine

 Bryton Cycle
 Fuels
 Liquid petroleum gas
 Natural gas
 Renewable natural gas
 Heating oil, etc.

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute

of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.
Gas Turbine Operation
Operation of Gas Turbine
 Main Parts of a Gas Turbine
 Turbine
 Employs vans or blades mounted on the shaft and enclosed in a casing.
 More stages are always preferred in gas turbine power plant because it
helps to reduce the stresses in the blades and increases overall efficiency.
 It is essential to cool the blades for long life as these are continuously
subjected to high temperature gases. The common method is to pass cool
air through holes in the blades.
 Compressor
 Mounted on the same shaft or coupled to the turbine
 Delivery pressure is increased by multistage construction of compressor.
However the efficiency of multistage compressor is lower than single
stage compressor due to losses.
 Main Parts of a Gas Turbine
 The combustor
 High-pressure air from the compressor then enters a combustion chamber
where it is mixed with fuel and ignited, increasing the temperature of the
air to as much as 1400°C, or higher in some of the latest machines to
appear.
 The gas turbine combustion chamber is specially designed to produce the
minimum quantity of NOx. This NOx is produced at high temperature by
a reaction between oxygen and nitrogen in air, but this can be controlled
by controlling the combustion process so that all the oxygen is used
during combustion, leaving none to react with nitrogen.
 Auxiliaries
 starting devices, Fuel system, Oil system, Auxiliary lubrication pump,
etc.
Main Parts of a Gas Turbine

Source: GEOS 24705/ ENST 24705

Modifications: Combined Cycle
 Modifications: Combined Cycle

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute

of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.
 Gas Turbine Technology

 Vital role in combating global warming.

 The most efficient technology for converting fossil into electricity.
 Can handle a wide variety of low calorific and contaminated fuels.
 Simple cycle efficiencies approach 45% with 350 MW output
power
 Combined cycle : output power more than 600M efficiencies about
60%
 Efficiency from full load to part load is little.
 Advantages of GTPPs
 Pros
 Simple to design & construct compared to a Steam Power station, since
no boilers are required.
 Fewer auxiliaries and less installation time.
 Much smaller compared to Steam Power station of same capacity
 Lower operating costs
 Less water used since there is no need for a condenser
 Maintenance charges are low
 Can be started quickly
 No stand-by losses
 No stack and release of low level of green house gases.
 Low weight to power ratio.
 Disadvantages of GTPPs

 Cons
 Not self-starting. Compressor needs to be operating thus external
source of power is necessary.
 Net output is low since greater power is used to drive compressor.
 Temperature of combustion chamber is too high thus resulting in a
lower life.
 Special metals and alloys are required for different components of
the plant
 Higher rotor speeds (rotational speeds of 12,000 r.p.m or more)
Uch Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant

Uch 586MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant

Pakistan
Kabirwala Combined Cycle Plant
 Twin 50 MW Gas Turbine Generators
 74 MW Westinghouse Condensing Steam Turbine Generator
 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plants
 Until the availability of natural gas, coal gasification produced town
for industrial and domestic use in the USA and Europe.
 Coal Gasification
 Convert coal into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by partial
combustion of coal in gasifier.
 Considerable amount of heat is also produced. This heat can be used to
generate steam to drive a steam turbine.
 The gas produced is cleaned and can be burned in a gas turbine to produce
further electricity.
 An IGCC can achieve an efficiency of 45%, can remove 99%, and
reduce the emissions of NOx to below 50 ppm.
 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plants

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute

of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.
 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plants

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute

of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.
Syngas Production

German Syngas Power Plant

 Underground Coal Gasification

Muhammad Arif, Power Generation Technologies: An Introduction (1 st Ed.), Pakistan Institute

of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan, 2019.