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(Ship Hydro-Statics & Dynamics) Floatation & Stability
(Ship Hydro-Statics & Dynamics) Floatation & Stability
Center of Floatation x M / A
c) Moments of Inertia d I x 2 d A x 2 ydx
L
2
I 0 x ydx,
2
IC.F I 0 x A
0
Examples of Hand Computation of Displacement
Sheet (Foundation for Numerical Programming)
•Displacement (molded) up to 8’ WL
•Wetted surface
3
y1 2 y2 ..
4
2 Symmetric
Formulas for the remaining coefficents mi
2 2
m2 S 2
3
S the distance between the two stations
2
Simpson's 1st rule coeff.; 2 - Symmetric
3
2 3
m3 S 2
3
1 2 1 y3
m4 S 2 ( from )
3 3 3 3
2 h 2 2 h
m5 S 2, m6 S 2
3 3 3 3
Illustration of Table 4:
C9.= [C2]3
C10. Same as C3. (Simpson Coeff.)
C11. = C9 x C10. Transverse moment of inertia of WL about its centerline
For low WLs, their change is large. Therefore, it is first to use planimeter or other
means to compute the half-areas of each stations up to No. 1 WL (8’ WL).
C1. Station
C5. C4 x C3
C7 C5 x C6 f(M)
Illustration of Table 9
C1. WL No.
C4. C2 x C3
C3. 8’ WL x1
C5. 24’ WL x1
C9. C6*h/3
4.3 Stability
A floating body reaches to an equilibrium state, if
1) its weight = the buoyancy
2) the line of action of these two forces become collinear.
W.L
• Turning
• Grounding
Longitudinal Equilibrium
GZ GM sin d
GMd if d 1
Location of the Transverse Metacenter
Transverse metacentric height : the distance between the
C.G. and M (GM). It is important as an index of
transverse stability at small angles of inclination. GZ is
positive, if the moment is righting moment. M should be
above C.G, if GZ >0.
Ix
K.M.= H M = + Z B ,
where Z B is the vertical coordinates of the C.B.
Ix
GZ GM d Z B Z G d
Ix
M w Z B Z g d .
Examples of a ) Rectangular cross section
computing KM d 1
Z B , I x LB 3 , LBd
2 12
Ix B2
BM
12d
d B2 d
KM BM Z B
12d 2
B
b) Triangular cross section
B 2d 1 1
ZB , I x LB 3 , LBd
3 12 2
I x B2
BM
d 6d
B 2 2d
KM BM Z B
6d 3
Natural frequency of Rolling of A Ship
Free vibration
2
M X 2 w GM 0
t
w GM
2
MX
where M X is the inertia moment of the ship w.r.t. C.G.
I ox
M GM w d Z B Z g w d
In the presence of a free-surface liquid, the righting moment
is decreased due to a heeling moment of free-surface liquid.
The reduced righting moment M’ is
I ox F I ol
M M M heeling w d Z B Z g
w
The reduced metacentric height GM’:
I OX F I OL
GM ZB Zg
w
Comparing with the original GM, it is decreased by an
amount, F I OL
.
w
The decrease can also be viewed as an increase in height
of C.G. w.r.t. the baseline. F I OL
Z g Z g
w
How to decrease IOL:
•Longitudinal subdivision: reduce the width b, and thus reduces
I OL b3l
Anti rolling tank
4.5 Effects of a suspended
weight on the righting
arm
I ox w
M M M heeling w d Z B Z g h
w
w I ox w
GM GM h ZB Zg h
w w
Purpose
1. To obtain the vertical position of C.G
(Center of Gravity) of the ship.
M heeling wh
where w is the total weight of the moving objects and h is the
moving distance.
4.6 The Inclining Experiment (Continue)
The shift of the center of gravity is GG1 wh
W
where W is the total weight of the ship.
Z g H M GM
I x C1LB 3 C1 B 2 B2
C where C1 dpends on waterplane.
CB LBT CB T T
I
d x
2 dB dT
Ix B T
4.7 (Continue) Ix
d
dB
a) Increase B only: 2 ( CB LBT increases)
Ix B
I
d x
dT
b) Decrease T only: ( decreases)
Ix T
dB dT
c) Change B & T but keep fixed:
B T
Ix
d
3 dB
Ix B
• Conclusion: to increase GM ( Transverse metacenter
height)
1. increasing the beam, B
B0 B1 vg1 g 2 / ,
l 0
vg1 g 2 (2 y ) ( x tan ) xdx 2 yx tan xdx
0 L l
tan 2 yx dx 2 yx 2 dx tan I FC
l 0
2
0 L l
I FC is the moment of inertia with respect to the
transverse axis passing the center of flotation.
I FC
B0 B1 B0 M tan , B0 M .
I FC I FC
H ML B0 M Z B Z B . GM L ZB Zg
• Location of the Longitudinal Metacenter