Electrical

Safety
1
In the next 45 min

 We will refresh our knowledge about,

– Hazards related to electricity
– Shock & Factors affecting shock
– Shock protection measures
– Residual Current Circuit Breaker
– Site Specific Requirements
– Systems & Procedures related to
Electrical Safety
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 ELECTRIC SHOCK

 It is sudden & accidental stimulation

of the human body’s nervous system
as a result of passage of electric
current

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Primary Hazards
 Electric shock
 Electric fire & explosion
 Electric flash
 Electric burns

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Secondary Hazards

 Person falling from height

 Dropping of tools & objects
 Health hazards due to release of toxic
gas & production of UV rays
 Psychological effects

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How Shock Occurs

You will receive a shock if you touch two wires at

different voltages at the same time (Phase to
Phase, Phase to Neutral, Phase to Ground)
Flashover involving part of human body

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 By simultaneously touching the phase
and neutral conductor thus completing
the circuit through his body

ALTERNATOR
B
LOAD HAVING
METALLIC BODY

R
N

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2. By touching the phase conductor and
standing on the ground

ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY

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3. By touching a metallic part that has
become live by itself being in contact
with an energised wire

ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY

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 Amount of
Resistance
Current

Severity
of Shock

Path of Flow Voltage

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Path of flow of current in
the Human Body

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Body Resistance

Body area Resistance (ohms)

Dry skin 1,00,000 to
6,00,000

Wet skin 1000 to 5000

Internal body -
Hand foot 400 to 600
Ear to ear 12
 Person
P in touch
POWER with
SOURCE
live wire
N

•I = V/R
= 230 / 100000 A (Dry Condition)
= 0.0023 A
= 2.3 mA

•I = 230 / 5000 (Wet Condition)

= 0.046 A
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= 46 mA
 Effect of Electric Current on
Human Body

EFFECT ON HUMAN –50Hz Amount of

Current
Shock, Let – go border line of painful <= 10 mA
shock, Muscles still under control >= 10 mA
Muscle control affected 15 mA
Breathing difficulties start 20 mA
Severe shock & possible death due to
rapid, uncoordinated series of 50 mA
contraction of heart muscles causing
irregular heart beat & possible death > 3 sec.
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Voltage

 Higher the voltage - Higher the

severity of shock.

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16
Shock Protection
Measures
 Isolation
 Double insulation
 Earthing
 Over Current Protection Devices
 Residual Current Protection
Devices

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 ISOLATION SWITCHES

 The switches should be connected in phase

only
 The switches should be easy and free to
operate
 Body of the metallic switches should be
earthed
 Every DB should be provided with a switch
 It is advisable to keep switch as near as
possible to the work-place
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 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
 FUSE
 KITKAT TYPE
 HRC TYPE

• Fuses are proven safety devices for

overload conditions
• Check the fuses for their current ratings
• Never replace fuse wire with ordinary
copper or aluminium wire
• High rupturable cartridge (HRC) fuses
are now a days easily available and has
advantages over traditional fuses
 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 19
Double Insulation

•Another insulation added.

•Double insulated power tools have non-metallic
body
•Need not be earthed (two point plug is sufficient)

Insulation

Functional Protective
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Double Insulation

Elec. Machine Elec. Machine

Metallic Body Nonconductive Body

SYMBOL FOR DOUBLE INSULATED MACHINES

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 Earthing

NEUTRAL EARTHING EQUIPMENT EARTHING

Two Distinct Equipment Earthing

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 RCCB WORKING PRINCIPLE
No fault Condition I1 = I2

Fault Condition I1 > I2 (I1 = I2 + IP)

T
Tripping Condition IP > 30 mA

EQUIPMENT

L
I1

I2 Ip
N

CORE BALANCE
CURRENT 23
TRANSFORMER
RCCB & RCBO

IS 12640 - Part 1, 2000

Residual current operated circuit breakers. Part 1: Circuit breakers
without integral over current protection. ( RCCBs) (First Revision)

IS 12640 - Part 2, 2001

Residual current operated circuit breakers for house hold and similar
uses - Part 2: Circuit breakers with integral over current protection.
( RCBOs) (First Revision) 24
RCCB (RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER)

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 Residual Current Circuit
Breaker

 Standard Specification, 30 mA sensitivity ,

63Amps, 4 poles.
 Testing procedure
 Testing the sensitivity
 Test the RCCB weekly and record it.

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Typical Sub Distribution Board

ELCB
63 A
30 mA

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HAND LAMPS

Protect from contact and damage, 24V hand

lamps are to be used.To be enclosed by
glass surrounded by metal wire mesh
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 Portable
Power Tools

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Colour coding of Cables
 Single phase supply
– Phase - red
– Neutral - black
– Earth - green
 Three phase supply
– Phases
 Red
 Yellow
 Blue

– Neutral - black 30
Cable Joints
 Staggered joints

CABLE 1
3/4” 3/4” 3/4” 3/4”

CABLE 2
– Joints are not to be overlapped
– One primary insulation and an overall
secondary insulation is to be done
– Proper insulation tape are to be used
 Jointing kit 31
Lockout and Tagging of Circuits

 Apply locks to power source

after de-energizing
 Tag deactivated controls
 Tag de-energized
equipment and circuits at
all points where they can be
energized
 Tags must identify
equipment or circuits being
worked on 32
Registers & Procedures

 Weekly RCCB check register

 Lockout / Tagout
 Permit system

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Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist

 Tripped circuit breakers or

blown fuses
 Warm tools, wires, cords,
connections, or junction
boxes
 Frequent tripping of RCCB
 Worn or frayed insulation
around wire or connection
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Discussion

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Thank You

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