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Operations Scheduling: Dr. T. T. Kachwala
Operations Scheduling: Dr. T. T. Kachwala
Operations Scheduling: Dr. T. T. Kachwala
Dr. T. T. Kachwala
1
Introduction to Scheduling
Scheduling pertains to establishing the timing of the use of specific resources of the organization.
Examples:
Manufacturers must schedule production, which means developing schedules for workers, equipment,
Hospitals must schedule admissions, surgery, nursing assignments, and support services such as meal
Scheduling tasks are largely a function of the volume of system output. High-volume systems require approaches
substantially different from those required by jobs shops, and project scheduling requires still different
approaches.
Design of High volume systems involves line balancing, which concerns allocating the required tasks to work
stations so that they satisfy technical (sequencing) constraints and are balanced with respect to equal work times
among stations.
Low-volume systems (job shops) are considerably different from those of high-volume systems. Products are
made to order, and orders usually differ considerably in terms of processing requirements, materials needed,
processing time, processing sequence and setups.
3
Low-volume systems (Job shops)
Sequencing is determining the order in which jobs at work centre will be processed.
Priority Rules are simple heuristics used to select the order in which the jobs will be processed.
FCFS – First come First serve – processing according to the order in which they arrive.
SPT – Shortest processing time – processing according to the shortest processing time at a machine.
EDD – Earliest due date – processing according to the earliest due date.
Job Flow Time – the amount of time between arrival of job & finish of job.
Make Span – total time from beginning of first job to completion of last job.
5
Job Sequencing – Multiple Machines
Managers can also use Modified Johnson’s rule to minimize the processing time
for a group of jobs to be processed on three machines or at three successive work
centers (sometimes referred to as a three-machine flow shop). It also minimizes the
total idle time at the work centers.