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Anatomy of The Female Reproductive System
Anatomy of The Female Reproductive System
Anatomy of The Female Reproductive System
Female Male
Key factors of bony pelvis
------ related to child-birth
Size
Shape
Joint (movement )
Ligament (relaxation)
Anatomy of the Bony Pelvis
Bones
Joints
Ligaments
Three planes of the pelvis
Types of the female pelvis
Bones
tuberosity
ischial tuberosity
--- marks the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet.
Joints
symphysiotomy
Ligaments
Sacro-iliac joint
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacro-coccygeal joint
anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments
Intercornual sacrococcygeal ligament
Ligaments
Sacrospinous ligament
1. Extend from the lateral border
of the sacrum and coccyx to
the ischial spine
2. A thin, triangular ligament
3. With sacrotuberous ligament,
Closes off the greater sciatic
notch to form the greater
sciatic foramen and closes off
the lesser sciatic notch to form
the lesser sciatic foramen
Ligaments
Sacrospinous ligament
Function
- to prevent posterior rotation of the ilium
with respect to the sacrum
- Fixation site for pelvic organ prolapse
sacrospinous ligament suspension
the vaginal apex is suspended posteriorly and
laterally to the ligament on either side or both
sides
Ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligament
Extend from the posterior aspect of the lower 3 sacral vertebrae to th
e ischial tuberosity
It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the e
nds.
Boundary of pelvis
Border line
posterior
upper border of sacral promontory
lateral
iliopectineal line
anterior
upper border of pubis
Boundary of pelvis
The female bony pelvis is divided into:
• inlet
• outlet
• mid-cavity
anteroposterior about 11cm.
transverse about 13cm
Planes of True oblique
Pelvis about 12.75cm
pelvic inlet is heart-shape,
bounded by
. posteriorly
Planes of True Pelvis
Mid-cavity
It is a segment, the boundaries of which are:
the roof is the plane of pelvic inlet,
the floor is the plane of the plane of pelvic out
let,
anterior - the shorter symphysis pubis,
posterior - the longer sacrum.
o Interspinous diameter = 10 cm
between the tips of ischial spines.
Planes of True Pelvis
Pelvic outlet: 2 triangular planes with 1 base whic
h is the intertuberous diameter
1. It is ape-like type.
2. All anteroposterior diameters are long.
3. All transverse diameters are short.
4. Sacrum is long and narrow.
5. Sacro-sciatic notch is wide.
6. Subpubic angle is narrow (<900 )
7. prominent ischial spines
Android pelvis
1. It is a male type.
2. Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped with
anterior narrow apex.
3. Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis)
4. Projecting ischial spines.
5. Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow.
6. Subpubic angle is narrow <90o
Platypelloid pelvis
IC
Levator ani
Pubococcygenus (PC )
-a hammock-like muscle
-stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx (tail bone)
-controls urine flow and position the baby's head during childbirth.
Iliococcygenus (IC)
- arises from the ischial spine, super ramus of the pubis, and is attached to the coccy
x
- Help for vaginal contraction
- thickness: 3-4cm