Large diameter bored piles are non-

displacement piles used where very large

vertical loads or bending moments must be
resisted by a single pile. Bored pile
construction techniques depend on ground
stability and the amount of free ground
water. The shaft is excavated using a rotary
drilling rig. The sides of the excavation
may be supported by temporary casing or
the use of drilling fluids such as water or
bentonite slurry such as water or bentonite
slurry.
Large Diameter Bored Piles
Displacement Piles
VIBRATED COMBI FILES
The Simplex pile is constructed by driving a hollow shell
with a point to the full depth, and gradually raising the
shell as the concrete is placed in the hole thus made. The
process, using an alligator point, which opens when the
shell is pulled.
are made by driving a tapering sheet steel shell to refusal by means of a
collapsible steel core, withdrawing the core, and thereupon filling the shell with
concrete.
The shell consists of a number of circular sections that are formed by uniting the
vertical edges of two pieces of 18 to 20 gauge sheet steel, bent into shape by a
cornice brake. The diameters of the sections range in a decreasing ratio from the
uppermost section down to the point or boot. The latter is stamped from a single
piece of 16 gauge stock.
The core is composed of three steel segments forming a tapering cylinder or
cone. The segments are separated or brought together through the action of a
series of wedges. A driving cap is attached to the head of the core.
The shell is assembled by slipping the various sections composing it over the
core, the segments of which are expanded at this stage. Placing the boot in
position over the point of the core completes the shell. The sections overlap
sufficiently to exclude any soil, water, or other foreign substances that might
otherwise gain admission into the shell while it is being placed.
After the core is completely encased in the shell, it is driven to refusal. The core
is thereupon withdrawn by bringing the segments together, or "collapsing" the
core, as the operation is termed. The shell, which is of sufficient strength to
retain its shape after the withdrawal of the core, remains permanently in the
ground and forms a mould or form for the concrete.
Soldier Pile
Franki offers a selection of retaining walls for a wide range of applications. One of them is soldier pile where
precast or cast in-situ reinforced concrete columns are used
Secant Pile Wall consists of a series of piles installed so as that they overlap to form a structurally stable water
proof wall
Micro piles are a deep foundation element constructed using high-strength, small-diameter steel casing and/or
threaded bar. Hayward Baker has unsurpassed expertise in the design and construction of micro piles.

Mini piles (generally mini piles are smaller than micro piles)
Pin piles.
Needle piles.
Root piles.
Lightweight
piles.

Common
Uses
Provide structural support
Underpin foundations
Enhance mass stability
Transfer loads

Micro piles are also known as mini piles, pin piles, needle piles, and root piles. The micro pile casing generally
has a diameter in the range of 3 to 10 inches. Typically, the casing is advanced to the design depth using a
drilling technique. Reinforcing steel, typically an all-thread bar, is inserted into the micro pile casing. High-
strength cement grout is then pumped into the casing. The casing may extend to the full depth or end above
the bond zone with the reinforcing bar extending to the full depth.
They are particularly suited to:
•Shallow bedrock.
•Boulders and cavities.
•Immediate hard strata.
•Where underpinning is required, such as for foundations adjacent to planned excavations.

There are advantages of micro piles include:

• They are small and relatively light.
• They are relatively inexpensive.
• They can be installed through almost any ground condition, making them suitable for installation in
environmentally-challenging conditions, such as for wind turbine towers.
• The limited vibration and noise causes little disturbance.
• Piling rigs can be low-emission or even electrically driven.
• They can be installed while avoiding existing utilities, meaning that expensive utility re-routing is
not required.
• They can be installed close to existing walls with limited headroom and congested site conditions.
• They have a high load capacity and an ability to resist compressive, tensile and lateral loads.
UNDERPINNING

Where the foundations of an existing building or structure require strengthening and stabilising, a process
of underpinning may be necessary. Excavated soil from beneath existing foundations is replaced with
material, usually concrete, in a series of phases that increase the overall depth. This forms a
new foundation beneath the existing one.

Common reasons why underpinning may be necessary might include:

• Subsidence (changes in the condition of the soil) or poor soil properties which may have caused the
existing building’s foundations to move. This may be due to natural causes such as earthquake, flood,
drought, and so on.
• Additional building storeys, either above or below ground level, are to be added, meaning that
existing foundations need to be strengthened so as to adequately support the modified load.
• Structures have been built nearby that alter the soil stability.
• The original foundation is found to be inadequate in terms of its strength or stability.
• The usage of the structure has been modified.
 Needle and Pile Underpinning

This method of underpinning can be used where the

condition of the existing foundation is unsuitable
for traditional or jack pile underpinning techniques. The
brickwork above the existing foundation must be in a
sound condition since this method relies on the `arching
effect' of the brick bonding to transmit the wall loads onto
the needles and ultimately to the piles. The piles used with
this method are usually small diameter bored piles.
Underpinning to Walls

To prevent fracture, damage or settlement of the wall(s) being underpinned the work should always be carried out
in short lengths called legs or bays. The length of these bays will depend upon the following factors:

1. Total length of wall to be underpinned.

2. Wall loading.
3. General state of repair and stability of wall and foundation to be underpinned.
4. Nature of subsoil beneath existing foundation.
5. Estimated spanning ability of existing foundation.

Generally suitable bay lengths are:

1000 to 1500 for mass concrete strip foundations supporting walls of traditional construction.
1500 to 3000 for reinforced concrete strip foundations supporting walls of moderate loading.
In all the cases the total sum of the unsupported lengths of wall should not exceed 25% of the total wall length.
The sequence of bays should be arranged so that working in adjoining bays is avoided until one leg of
underpinning has been completed, pinned and cured sufficiently to support the wall above.
Jack Pile Underpinning

This method can be used when the depth of a suitable

bearing capacity subsoil is too deep to make traditional
underpinning uneconomic. Jack pile underpinning is quiet,
vibration free and flexible since the pile depth can be
adjusted to suit subsoil conditions encountered. The
existing foundations must be in a good condition since
they will have to span over the heads of the pile caps
which are cast onto the jack pile heads after the hydraulic
jacks have been removed.
Underpinning Columns

Columns can be underpinned in the some manner as

walls using traditional or jack pile methods after the
columns have been relieved of their loadings. The beam
loads can usually be transferred from the columns by
means of dead shores and the actual load of the column
can be transferred by means of a pair of beams acting
against a collar attached to the base of the column shaft.