CASHMERE YARNS

Coordinating teacher : Evagrina DIRTU

Students: Dumitrița SANDU,Csenge PETER,Denis JOSANU
10201 Group
TABLE OF CONTENT
• Generalities
• Cashmere goat
• Production
• Type of fibers
• Collection
• Physical-chemical properties
• Yarn identification index
• Products obtained from cashmere yarn
• Bibliography
 GENERALITIES
Cashmere wool, known as simple cashmere, is a fiber obtained from
cashmere goats or Pashmina goats.
It has been used for making yarns, textiles and clothing for
hundreds of years. The word cashmere is an anglicization of the
Kashmir term. Common use defines cashmere as wool, but there is a
significant difference between the two: the first one is finer, stronger,
lighter, softer and about three times more isolative than sheep's wool.
Both the soft layer and the protective hair are used in the textile
industry. The softer hair is reserved for textiles, while the thick
protective hair is used in other branches.(for example:brushes).
 CASHMERE GOAT
The name of the goat comes from the Indian province of Kashmir,
the place where these goats originated. In Europe, the passion for
cashmere arrives in France when, returning from Egypt,
Napoleon's soldiers bring eastern ethole to their wives.

These goats are grown for their fur from which the famous
cashmere wool is obtained, highly appreciated for its texture, but
also for the comfort and warmth it offers. Kashmir goat hair is
obtained only between the fourth and sixth year of the animal
life, and for "harvesting" there is a special procedure. The
underneath layer of hair is detached from the root with a special
iron comb, with a hook, and the procedure can be applied only
twice a year at about a month apart.
 PRODUCTION
Pure cashmere can be dyed and converted into yarn, either knitted in sweaters,
hats, gloves, socks and other clothing, or woven into fabrics and cut and assembled
into garments such as outerwear, jackets, pants, pajamas, scarves, blankets, etc..
Manufacturers of fabrics and garments in Scotland, Italy and Japan have long
been known as market leaders. Cashmere can also be blended with other fibers to
reduce the cost of clothing or to improve certain properties, such as elasticity of
wool or silk gloss.
Uxbridge, Massachusetts, USA, has been an "incubator" for the cashmere wool
industry. It had the first influent fabrics for wool and the first manufacture of "satin".
The Capron mill had the first fabrics of power, in 1820, but burned on July 21, 2007,
in the fire at Bernat Mill.
 China has become the largest producer of crude cashmere, estimated at 19,200 metric tons
(in hair) per year (2016). Mongolia follows with 8,900 tons (in hair) of 2016, while Afghanistan,
Iran, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian republics produce smaller quantities. Annual
world production is estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000 tonnes (13,605 and 18,140
tons) (in hair). Pure cashmere, obtained by removing animal fat, dirt and thick hair from wool, is
estimated at about 6,500 tons. The ultra-fine cashmere is still produced by the communities of
Kashmir, but the rarity and high price, together with the political instability in the region,
influences the sources and the quality regulation.
It is estimated that the annual production per goat is 150 grams.
 TYPE OF FIBERS
• Brute - fibers that has not been processed and are essentially straight from the animal
• Processed - fibers that have undergone defrosting, washing, carding and are ready for
spinning or knitting / crocheting / weaving
• Virgin- new fibers transposed into yarn, fabrics or garments for the first time
• Recycled - collected fibers from scrap or fabrics that already have been manufactured
and/or used before by consumers all around the world
 COLLECTION
An animal produces 150-800 g of fibers per year.
The fibers are obtained by combing or trimming. A trimming
includes exterior fibers that are long and thick, and interior fibers that
are soft and glossy. Fibers obtained by combing are collected during the
spring moulting season when the goats naturally shed their winter coat.
The fibers are then manually sorted to separate the different qualities:
thick, long and rough, as well as fine, shiny and silky fibers.
For trimmed fibers a special separation machine is used.
 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Diameter smaller than 18,5 μm; they are soft, silky, with a nice touch
and high elasticity.
• Colour: white, gray, light yellow.
• The length is 25-65 mm for fluffy and 50-125 mm for thick fibers.
• The thickness varies between 14-21 μm for fluffy, and up to 60 μm for
spike fibers.
• Excellent tinctorial affinity
• Dissolves immediately in alkaline solutions
• Provide thermal insulation
• Comfort
• Resistant to heat, solar radiation, chemicals, solvents,
insects and microorganisms
• Drapaj foarte bun
 PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM CASHMERE
YARN
Obtained in small quantities, these are rare and quite
expensive. They are used in the manufacture of luxury items
(clothing — a wide range of woven fabrics and knitwear,
blankets...)
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://ro.pinterest.com/pin/405957353894329595/?lp=true
• http://www.kozbeszerzesek.eu/zcinemaa/capra-del-cashmere-4390/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_wool
• https://agrointel.ro/44037/caprele-de-casmir-foarte-apreciate-pentru-
productia-de-lana-de-ce-nu-sunt-crescute-si-in-romania/
• https://www.dex-tex.info/dictionartextil/id.Ca%C5%9Fmir%252C+Fibr
%C4%83+(p%C4%83r)+de/i.html