CARE

PRESENTED BY – DR.BHAGYAVANTI
DEPARTMENT OF REPERTORY
UGO – DR. CHANNABASAVA REDDY. MD(HOM)
 Until the 20th century, the birth and death rates of the world's population were
about the same, keeping the size of population stable.

 However, advances in health and safety in many areas, Along with other
generational growth factors, have led to drastic increase in the lifespan of humans
and the number of people living (at older ages), than in past.

 The reach of Technological Innovation continues to grow, changing all industries

as it evolves in healthcare, Technology is increasingly playing a role in almost all
processes, from patient registration to data monitoring from lab tests to self- care
tools.
 Technology is defined as the branch of knowledge that deals with
the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with
life, society and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as
industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.
 Healthcare is defined as efforts made to maintain or restore physical, mental, or
emotional well- being especially by trained and licensed professionals
 Technology in healthcare is defined by the Word Health Organization as the
“application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices,
medicines, vaccines, procedures and systems developed to solve a health
problem and improve quality of lives.”
Telemedicine and telehealth –
Can be used to refer a two way video consultation or the transmission of healthcare
data.
Devices like smartphone and tablets are starting to replace conventional monitoring
and recording systems and people are now given the option of undergoing a full
consultation in the privacy of their own homes.
Many apps related to health.
 Technological advancements in healthcare have contributed to services being taken
out of the confines of hospital walls and integrating them with user-friendly,
accessible devices. Technology in health Care is applied to health and health care, it
supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure
exchange of health information between consumers, providers, and quality monitors.
According to a report by the agency for health care research and quality, broad and
consistent utilization of technology in health care will;

• Improve health care quality or effectiveness

• Increase health care productivity or efficiency
• Prevent medical errors and increase health care accuracy and
Procedural correctness
• Reducing health care costs
• Increase administrative efficiencies and health care work processes
• Decrease paper work and unproductive or idle work time
• Extend real time communications of health informatics among health care professionals
EHR
Electronic health records, provide invaluable data to clinical associates
which advances medical knowledge and helps in development of new
treatments for common health problems.
Helps to gain insight about the spread, outbreak, so that preventive measures
can be taken quickly.
Entering data into computerised systems is less time consuming than paper
entry, and also helps in easy and instant access via portable devices.
 According to an article published in the International journal of Medical
Informatics, health information sharing between patients and providers helps to
improve diagnosis, promotes self-care, and patients also know more information
about their health.
 Based on an often cited 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at 4
sites that provide ambulatory care- three US medical centers and one in
Netherlands- the use of electronic health records (EHR) was viewed as the most
promising tool for improving the overall quality safety and efficiency of the
health delivery system.
 From eyeglasses to the stethoscope, to imaging the brain at work, a long list of
inventions and innovations have changed the Healthcare system. Like this, so
many discoveries had taken place in the field of medicine for centuries, in which
many of those were accepted and improved upon.
 Stethoscope: Rene Laennec, a French physician, invented
stethoscope in 1816, which was trumpet shaped wooden
tube, to examine a very fat woman whose heart he could
not hear by pressing his ear to her chest.
 Golding bird – gave a flexible design.
 Somerville scott Alison – double hearing - binaural
 Brain Waves:
In 1875, Richard catan (1842–1926), a physician practicing
in Liverpool, presented his findings about electrical
phenomena of the exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits
and monkeys in the British Medical Journal.
German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger (1873–
1941) recorded the first human EEG in 1924
 X-Ray: Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, a German physicist in 1895,
discovered the X-Ray, an invention so remarkable that many
didn’t believe the first reports of its use.
 The New York times to it mockingly as “Dr Rontgen’s alleged
discovery of how to photograph the invisible.
 Inevitably, the widespread and unrestrained use of X-rays led to
serious injuries. Often injuries were not attributed to X-ray
exposure, in part because of the slow onset of symptoms, and
because there was simply no reason to suspect X-rays as the
cause.
 The first warning of possible adverse effects of X-rays came
from Thomas Edison, William J. Morton, and Nikola Tesla who
each reported eye irritations from experimentation with X-rays
and fluorescent substances.
 Electrocardiogram:
Dr Willem Einthoven of the Netherlands
invented the first practical
electrocardiogram in 1903. The original
weighed 600 pounds had a water cooling
system for its gigantic electromagnets and
needed five operators. And he received
Nobel Prize in 1924 for his invention
 Pacemaker: D Albert S. Hyman demonstrated a heart pacemaker,
in 1936. The device was 10 inches long and weighed less than a
pound. It supplied heart with current with adjustable voltage. The
device Dr Hyman said, had been used in 7 cases, although the
results were good in only 2 of them.
 Dialysis:
  A Dutch doctor, Willem Johan Kolff, constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943
during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. 
 Due to the scarcity of available resources, Kolff had to improvise and build the initial
machine using sausage casings, beverage cans, a washing machine and various other
items that were available at the time. Over the following two years (1944–1945), Kolff
used his machine to treat 16 patients suffering from acute kidney failure, but the results
were unsuccessful.
 Then, in 1945, a 67-year-old comatose woman regained consciousness following 11
hours of hemodialysis with the dialyzer and lived for another seven years before dying
from an unrelated condition. She was the first-ever patient successfully treated with
dialysis
 Mechanical heart: Henry optic of 41yr old
male was operated on using an artificial
heart; “the Dodrill GMR heart machine”
manufactured by general motors and
generally considered the first mechanical
heart. The surgeon, Dr Forest Dewey
Dodrill, successfully repaired the patient’s
mitral valve, and the patient Mr Opitek
lived until 1981.
 Magnetic resonance: The Nobel prize in physics awarded to Felix Bloch
and Edward mills Purcell for their work in developing nuclear magnetic
resonance, the principle behind MRI machines, which was first used by Dr
Raymond V. Damadian in 1978, with which he could distinguish between
normal and cancerous tissues.
 CT scanner: First commercial CT scanner developed by Dr Godfrey
Housefield in 1971, was used on a patient in London, for which he was
awarded Nobel Prize in 1979.
 Commercial Ultrasound: In 1965, Walter
Erich Krause filed a patient for the first
practical commercial ultrasound machine.
According to the patient, his medicine
could be used for practical Ultra-sonic-
optical examination to achieve a life like
reproduction of body part under
examination
 DNA Sequencing: Dr Leroy E. Hood in 1992 patented his
invention of the automated DNA sequencing technique
 Human Genome: In 2000 Ron Edmonds first draft of the
human genome was announced. Three years later it was
declared as complete
 Mobile stroke units: MSUs use specially- outfitted ambulances and staff
members, in recent years, in conjunction with tele-medicine to perform blood
tests, CT-scans, and tests before the patient arrives at the hospital.
 There are some ethical issues involving technology in healthcare, which include
illegal access, misuse / abuse of availability, biases that lead to regression of
human excellence, etc. it is possible that the mass availability of technology can
lead to its trivialisation where patients might indulge in self diagnosis causing
misery later.
 The rising cost in the field of technology like medicines, vaccinations, imaging is
a huge issue that has made it very difficult for most people to find an affordable
care.
 Another major ethical issue is Physician start seeking objective information
through diagnostic tools like X-Ray, Imaging than listening to subjective patient
report.
 Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have tremendous potential for breach and
pilferage of the data they contain. When the health data about the patient is stored
in EHRs, they become the property of the health care provider, who may give out
information about the patient to a third party for whatever reason.
 The benefits of technology in healthcare include the facility of Electronic Health
Record, that can improve the access of information at multiple points for sharing
and decision making. Health information exchange gives healthcare
professionals and patients the information access they need easily. This can
reduce the time for treatment and recovery, increase healthcare jobs, and improve
the Quality of Life by way of decline in preventable death, along with general
improvement of patients well-being
 Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications and information technology to
provide clinical healthcare from a distance. It is more convenient and accessible
patients care. Helps in healthcare cost savings. Increase patients’ engagement .
 Mhealth is a general term for the use of mobile phones and other wireless
technology in Medical care. It helps in enhanced productivity, lower failure to
respond rates, increase information access and communication.
ADVANTAGES –
1. Allows practitioners to complete the tasks in remote locations.
2. Improved communication by sending alert text messages/ app notifications.
3. Cut down on paper use and travel.

DISADVANTAGES
1. Mobile devices can be easily lost or stolen.
2. Vulnerability to hacking.
3. Destruction of data by malware or other harmful programs.
 Technology has impacted on homeopathic practice in a big way. Till a
decade ago, majority of Homeopath Doctors were practicing in a
traditional way which was time consuming. The vast scope for
technology has gradually entered the homeopathy sector and has
streamlined many of the clinical decision making processes, such as,
case taking, repertorisation, prescription, follow ups, etc, into a unified
approach.
 Of all the major advances to modern Homeopathy the single greatest has been
bringing the Repertory and Materia Medica in to a computer format, which is very
usable tools we can analyse and search mountains of Homeopathic information. The
very first programmer and the Pioneer of Homeopathic computer programs is David
Kent Warkentin. His programs Mac Repertory and reference works are still the
Industry standard for homeopathy. In single software, one can access many
repertories as well as Materia Medica. Different software programs have different
facilities. Therefore, one must examine the various aspects of a software before
putting in to use
THANK
YOU