SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND ENERGY

ENGINEERING
MASTER OF SCIENCE - SAFFETY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT (SHE)
PERDANA PROGRAMME (SECTION 01)

METW -1323/MKKH- 1523

POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
GROUP 1
TOPIC: RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
 GROUP 1
TOPIC: RAW WATER TREATMENT AND PROCESSING PLANT
PRESENTERS:
1. SADIQ ALI ZANGERI (MKK201070)
2. HAMAD ABDULLA ALI ALKASIH (MKK191072) LECTURER:
3. LOCHANA SIVAKUMARAN (MKK202011) Assoc. Prof. Dr. ANWAR
JOHORI
 CONTENT
OVERVIEW ON RAW WATER TREATMENT
- Brief Historical development of Raw Water Treatment
- Raw Water Treatment, Process and Plant
- Objectives of Raw Water Treatment
RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
- Sources of Raw Water to be Treated in the Process
- Methods of Raw Water Treatment Process
- Stages of Raw Water Treatment Process
RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT EQUIPMENT
- List of Equipment use in Raw Water Treatment Plant
- Uses of the Equipment based on their Application
- Functions of Chemical and Filtration Equipment
 BRIEF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RAW
WATER TREATMENT, PROCESS AND PLANT
The Raw water treatment starts in Ancient times, ancient
Greek and Sanskrit writings dating as far back as 2000 BC
recommended methods for water treatment. Even then,
people knew that water could be purified with heat, and they
practiced
- sand and
Hippocrates gravel
first filtration,
started boilingwater’s
discovering and straining.
healing
properties around 500BC (The first bag filter, was able to
remove sediments that gave a bad teste or smell).
- Egyptians first started discovered the principle of
coagulation around 1500 BC (They used Alum to achieve
suspended particles settlement).
- In 1890s, An America began building large sand filter.
- Calcium hypochlorite and ferric chloride were first used in
Belgium in 1902.
 (Continuation)
- Ozone was first used in France in 1906, water filter to
prevent the negative effect of chlorine.
- In 1804, the first actual Municipal water Treatment Plant
designed by Robert Thom, was in Scotland.
- Jardine Water Treatment Plant, in Chicago is the largest
water treatment plant in the world. Chicagoans use nearly
1 billion gallons of water a day.
- But for the Waste water treatment plant, Blue Plains is the
largest Advanced Waste Treatment Plant facility located in
Washington DC, USA. It treats 330n million gallons of
waste water a day.
 Definition of terms Untreated water found naturally in the
environment; can come from many sources,
RAW WATER including rivers, lakes, oceans, or
groundwater.

Is any process that improves the quality of

water to make it appropriate for a specific
WATER TREATMENT end- use. e.g Drinking, industrial supply,
irrigation etc.

Is the process of removal of undesirable matters

TREATMENT PROCESS and pathogens from the water.

Refers to a plant or installation that is used to

TREATMENT PLANT purify contaminated substances. e.g Solid,
liquid and semi- solid.
 OBJECTIVES OF RAW WATER TREATMENT

1. To reduce the impurities to a certain level that does

not cause harm to human health.
2. To reduce the objectionable color, odor, turbidity
and hardness.
OBJECTIVES are: 3. To make water safe for drinking.
4. To eliminate the corrosive nature of water affecting
the pipe.
5. To make it suitable for a wide variety of industrial
purposes such as steam generation, drying etc.
 SOURCES OF RAW WATER TO BE TREATED IN THE PROCESS

1. Oceans Water
2. Lakes Water
3. Ponds Water
4. Stream Water
5. Rivers Water etc.
 Methods of Raw Water Processing in Treatment Plant

1. Physical Process: like filtration, sedimentation and distillation

2. Biological Process: like slow sand filters or biological active carbon
Methods of Raw 3. Chemical Process: like flocculation and chlorination
Water Processing 4. Electromagnetic Radiation: such as ultraviolet light
in Treatment
Plant are:
 STAGES IN THE RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

• COLLECTION
• SCREENING AND STRAINING
• CHEMICAL ADDITION
• COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
• SEDIMENTATION AND CLARIFICATIN
• FILTERATION
• DISINFECTION
• STORAGE
• DISTRIBUTION
 STAGES IN RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

COLLECTION Is a system that stores and conveys the raw water to a treatment
plant.

SCREENING AND STRAINING Is the first unit operation in all water treatment plant.

CHEMICAL ADDITION Chemicals added to raw (untreated) water and finished (treated)
water are necessary in the water treatment process to provide
safe drinking water.
 (continuation)
COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION In Coagulation, particles in the water aggregate themselves, while
in Flocculation, particles aggregate by the use of polymers that
binds them together.

SEDIMENTATION AND is the process of allowing particles in suspension in water to settle

CLARIFICATION out of the suspension under the effect of gravity.

FILTERATION is the process of removing or reducing the concentration of

particulate matter in the water.
 (continuation)
DISINFECTION means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic
microorganisms.

STORAGE Once treated and disinfected, drinking water is stored in covered

tanks called clear wells.

DISTRIBUTION one in which the drinking water is transported from the

centralized treatment plant or well supplies to the service
connection or consumers´ taps.
Raw Water Treatment Process
RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
 • Raw water source, for example, and impounding reservoir,
lake, or river canal
• Intake well
List of • Water pumping system
• Cascade aerator
Equipment use • Alum mixer
in Raw Water • Clarifier
• Filter bed washing system
Treatment Plant • Sand filters
• Chlorine dosing system
• Filtration equipment
 (Continuation)

• Clear water pipes and pumping machine

• Clearwater reservoir System
List of • Flowmeter and valves
• Laboratory Test tool for quality
Equipment • Filtration equipment
use in Raw
Water
Treatment
Plant
 Intake well

intake well functions as a structure to

safely withdraw water from the water
source and discharge it in the
withdrawal conduit. It is present at the
beginning of the entire water
treatment plant and ensures a
constant water supply to keep the
treatment process going
 Water pumping system

In the components of the drinking

water plant are interconnected so
that once water is drawn from the
primary source, it is readily
transferred to the intake well and
passed through the water
pumping system
 Cascade aerator

Cascade aerators induct air into the water

flow. The purpose of air induction is to
oxidize iron and reduce the dissolved gases
present in the water of the intake well.
 Sand Filter

Use to removes sinkable

particles, floating and
suspended matter from the
water. When water is collected
from its raw source, it is made
to pass through a fine bed of
sand or gravel and particles
are removed by way of
absorption of physical
encapsulation.
 Coagulation Equipment
(Alum mixer)

Alum mixer
The mixing tank is
suitable for water supply
and drainage engineering,
mixing dissolution
reaction tank and various
chemicals.
 Coagulation Chemical substant
 chemicals can be used in this process, such as Aluminum sulfate ferric
sulfate or sodium aluminate,
 Flocculation Equipment

Flocculation
Equipment is a slow
mixing equipment by
which fine
particulates are
caused to clump
together into a floc.
 
 Sedimentation Equipment

Sedimentation
Equipment for
removing solid
particles.
 
 
 Filtration Equipment

Filtration Equipment is
built-in into one of the
last stages of the water
treatment cycle. Filter
Equipment to remove
the suspended solids that
were not removed in the
previous treatment
process 
 
 Function of Chlorination

Chlorination is employed
to treat microorganisms in
water. The most common
use of chlorine is done in
swimming pools. It is a
form of disinfectant,
whereby the hypochlorite
solution is injected into
the water.
 Function of Filtration

Filtration is used to separate

particles and fluid in a suspension,
where the fluid can be a liquid, a
gas or a supercritical fluid.
 Conclusion

Treated Raw water can be used

for many purposes, such as
cooling water, water for rinsing
and chemical production,
purified water, and drinking
water. However, due to the
possible contaminants, raw
water must be treated before it is
allowed for human consumption
or industrial use.
 THANK YOU
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